Venus’ surface is uninhabitable by humans for many reasons. Not only does Venus’ atmosphere contribute to the huge amounts of air pressure, over 90 times that of Earth’s, but the dense, mostly carbon dioxide atmosphere traps a ton of heat. This sends temperatures skyrocketing to around 467 °C, hot enough to melt lead [1]. Together, these factors crushed many probes sent to Venus, including the USSR’s Venera 3, which didn’t even survive long enough to send over a byte of...
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The whole universe is expanding in all directions; however, everything was closer together 13.8 billion years ago and at one point all the galaxies converged to a single point (Howell, E. 2017). It is said that the universe has expanded to get as large as it is now, and that it will continue to expand. When the universe started as one point, it was just hot, light and energy combined with miniature particles. Nothing like what we see now as...
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Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and is easily visible from Earth. In the evening it can be spotted high in the sky and appears to look reddish in colour due to oxidation of iron in the rocks on its surface. Mars has a radius of 3390 kilometres and is about half the size of Earth (Mars Britannica School, 2019; NASA Science, 2019). It shares many similarities with Earth including its rotation of the sun (23.9 hours in...
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The exploration of Mars has been a long awaited mission. The effects however have been questioned for a very long time. Through my understanding of Martian Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury. It has an atmosphere primarily composed of carbon dioxide, molecular nitrogen and argon. It also contains levels of water vapour, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other noble gases. The atmosphere of Mars is much thinner than...
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Have you ever wanted to go to a different planet? Have you ever wondered if going to a different planet is even necessary at all? Throughout the 20th century, our views of life on another planet has changed drastically. This essay will argue that a mission to Mars is not mandatory and instead dangerous. Because there are many risk like a virus being brought to Earth. Ethical issues like money. Therefore, astronauts should not go to Mars. If scientist decide...
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It has been theoretically calculated that the Universe would have originated from a single mass of about 13.798 ± 0.037 billion years ago. This single mass suddenly exploded and the fragmented particles flying in all directions as a result of this explosion formed stars, planets, and galaxies. This theory that explains the formation of the universe due to the explosions of a single mass is known as the Big bang theory. To begin with, there are major pieces of evidence...
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Influenced by anthropogenic climate change, the complex nature of the human-animal interface is continuously threatened and zoonotic diseases are rising. Domestic animals themselves are reservoirs of zoonotic diseases (e.g. Avian influenza) and poor livestock practices endangers both humans and animals. Encroachment of human settlements increase the interactions between humans and wildlife species which helps facilitate the spread of zoonotic diseases. Atmospheric carbon dioxide in the environment also influences the animal-plant interface with invasive species dynamics fluctuating (Naicker 2019). A One...
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Astronomy and Mars Background Information Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun and third smallest planet in our Solar System, is also known as ‘The Red Planet’ (Figure 1) (Birch, 2004). Mars has the closest climactic zones of all the planets to ours, with polar ice caps and temperatures of approximately -63o¬C, however its atmosphere is toxic to us, with 96% Carbon Dioxide (ESA, n.d.). Mars is part of a field of research called astronomy. According to the website, Britannica.com...
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According to (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019) Research about mars and its possible life continues as signs of water indicate form of recent lively activity. If earth suddenly becomes uninhabitable mars is the easiest planet to access and live on. (Jones, CJ 2019) appointed that Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere. (Sharp, TS 2017) concluded that the atmosphere is made from 95.32% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, 0.13% oxygen, 0.08%...
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Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and is an extremely cold desert world. It is covered in rusty red, iron-rich dust which is why it’s called the “Red Planet”. Mars travels around the Sun in an oval-shaped orbit which means the planet completes one revolution in 687 Earth days (Couper et al 2016). Dry riverbeds on the surface imply the past presence of water but Mars lacks the gravity to hold onto an atmosphere and it is almost...
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Helioseismology, simply put, is the study of the Sun’s core through the observation of wave propagation that is visible on the surface. This is possible due to both the continual movement of plasma to the sun’s surface, as well as the constant radiation from the heat, that forms convection cells resulting in the investigable convection currents or “waves”. As each cell and consequently current, have varying fluctuations in pressure, the Sun is left with its uneven surface. As well as...
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Bodies through society have been used in art like the Venus of Willendorf and others but they all share a common factor that they are all unrealistic which is why my thesis question is The range of bodies they have created is breathtaking, but yet they share one thing in common... none of these images resembles a real human being. The Venus of Willendorf was found in 1908 by archaeologist Josef Szombathy at a paleolithic site near Willendorf. Willendorf is...
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Art Nouveau made quite a few cameos in the entertainment media. In 2007 Disney’s Enchanted feature their protagonist Giselle, who’s portrayed as a cliche hopeless romantic and traditionally feminine woman character, which is similar to how ideal women were portrayed in the Art Nouveau period. This could be an explanation of why Giselle’s dress is an almost the exact replica of the dress seen on Alphonse Mucha’s Moet Chandon poster in 1899. Additionally there are countless illustrations of artists and...
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Earth’s future has become increasingly unstable over the course of hundreds of years, not only do we face terrorism, climate change and catastrophic events but humans could also be wiped out in an instant by a meteor collision, says Steven Hawkins (Hoare, 2019). In order to ensure the human races survival, we must become a two planet species. Mars, being one of the closest planets to Earth is our most viable option. Not only does it have an atmosphere, water,...
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There is a proverbial space race going on around us, but instead of a race to the moon or into earth orbit it is a race to Mars, a new world. Unlike the space race of the Cold War with two nations going head to head, we have 1000s of companies, start-ups and government agencies competing to be the first feet on the red planet. Unsurprisingly, many have garnered media attention from Elon Musk’s ambitious goals to the bankrupt Mars...
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The Sun, the centre of our solar system, an object in which without life on Earth would cease to exist. The Sun provides energy to Earth which allows many important chemical reactions to take place in order to facilitate life. Our Sun is relatively hot and immense, conducting physical investigations to obtain information is impossible, therefore safe and long-distance techniques have been developed in order to study our Sun and then extend these techniques further to study other stars in...
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Aerogels are a type of porous solids that are mostly known for their extreme low densities. This means that because they are open-porous, they are impermeable to gas. Aerogel was created by Dr. Samuel Stephens who discovered it between 1929 and 1930 (A, 2000). Aerogels are the lowest density solids; like the silica aerogel that was three times heavier than air, and, when extracting the air from its pores, can be lighter than it. Aerogels are also transparent because of...
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Within the 2015 film, The Martian, the main protagonist is able to grow food sources on Mars when he is left after complications in a NASA mission. The capability of sustainable plant growth, to the quality seen on Earth, is questionable. This is where the question, ‘Are the parameters of Mars suitable for sustainable plant growth and survival?’ was asked. To come to a conclusive answer for this question, it would need to be testable. The testability of this question...
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Abstract The super massive black hole present at the centre of most large galaxies emit large quantities of varying energy types, which affects surrounding quasars and seyfert galaxies (Nandra & Pounds, 1994). The gravity of the Super Massive Black Holes is another variable which affects surrounding bodies; wherein mass is attracted to the origin. Simulations using advance software has proven that the energy released from SMBH, as well as their gravity, causes both stars to form due to gas condensing,...
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Background Information In stars the nuclei of Hydrogen and Helium is fused into heavier elements. It is also believed that the relative high abundance of Hydrogen Helium and Lithium is because they were all created during the Big Bang by something known as Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Nucleosynthesis Elements heavier than Lithium are all synthesised in a star (Wollack, 2010) that means that the first three elements of the periodic table (Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium) were all synthesised before the stars...
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Global warming is destroying wildlife, the environment and the human race. Due to unsustainable human activity, such as coal burning, plastic production and transportation, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are higher than ever before. A study by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change uncovered that over 75% of the greenhouse gases causing global warming is made up of purely carbon dioxide produced by human activity (2014). These activities which contribute mostly to this increase in carbon dioxide levels include...
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Over the years, humans have become more and more captivated in space exploration. Ever since it was discovered that it was possible to send humans to space (in 1961 using the Vostok 1), scientists have been engaged in constructing new technology that will assist in transporting humans onto another planet. However, there are many problems that may affect the success of this. One of which is the Earth’s gravitational pull, which is extremely strong. It will require a large amount...
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On the 16th of July 1969, three courageous astronauts, Michael Collins, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong began their perilous journey to the Moon, the latter two becoming the first humans to walk on its surface. America’s then president John F. Kennedy deemed the Apollo program as “...the most hazardous... and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked,” stretching our limits with unending perseverance. Why then, do so many believe it was a hoax? The answer is none other than...
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Since the early 1970’s the mysterious Red Planet has been closely examined by rovers and space probes, which have sent back invaluable information. Mars at large is a unique and different place compared to Earth, with the thin atmosphere that conjures winds and storms many times stronger than what we experience and the signs of liquid water in the past sparks curiosity in many astronomers. The exploration of Mars there has been many discussions within space exploration institutions to send...
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Abstract Health risks associated with long term space flight are generally categorised into two main causes: reduced gravity and space radiation. The current numbers of astronauts, either retired or current, is often not sufficient to form conclusive suggestions. Overall, there is very detailed analysis of the functional risks to the body outside of low Earth orbit and for long term loss of normal gravitational forces. However, there is a disparity in countermeasures to protect astronauts embarking on long term missions,...
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Earth nowadays is a very hot and humid place.It is also the most polluted planet.This is all because of our own attitude.So if we can help our planet to be more healthy then we will be able to save the Earth from this problems.I think that there are many ways to solve this problem but one them is the most difficult thing to do which is change our attitude towards the environment.We should not only focus on the negative aspects...
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INTRODUCTION “Aliens definitely exist!! and they could be living among us on Earth”, says Britain's first astronaut. There are so many billions of stars out there that could support at least a tiny percentage of life. Will they be like you and me, made up of carbon and nitrogen? Maybe not. Just to give a glance on how life’s definition is varied, a 3D printer can reproduce itself, but we wouldn’t call it living. On the other hand, a mule...
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Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) are decentralised and ad-hoc type of networks which can be set up easily in remote locations with the help of mobile devices or nodes. Nodes in these Networks senses and monitors the physical and environmental conditions of an area and send this information to each other or a remote location through co-ordination and co-operation methods of Wireless Sensor Networks. These networks plays a key role in many fields such as military and civil surveillance, health care...
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Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe rely mainly on intervention from inside than from outside. Despite this reason, the book will not be for everyone; however, Aristotle's path into maturity and self-acceptance may find compelling and inspiring. When Dante’s father says to him, “Dante, you’re an intellectual. That’s who you are. Don’t be ashamed of that.” -Dante Quintana, Section 1, “The Different Rules of Summer” pg. 35. Comes because they were talking about religion and Ari always...
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Humans are the only creatures on Earth that will cut down a tree, turn it into paper, then write “Save the trees” on it -Sustainable Human. The planet is more important than humans because we depend on the planet. The planet is the source of all living things. Without the planet, everything that is living on it, including us, would be wiped out of existence. We depend on the planet and its resources. The planet's needs are more important than...
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