Abstract Microorganisms are small creatures that cannot be seen without microscope. They multiple at an exponential rate and due to this reason they are widely used in different industries all around the world. In food industry they are used to increase food life and for giving aroma, characteristic smell to food items. In fermentation industry, yeast is used to ferment yoghurt, cheese and other milk products. In brewing industry, wine is made by using microorganisms. They are also used in...
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Physical chemistry is the investigation of plainly visible and particulate wonders in compound frameworks as far as the standards, practices, and ideas of material science for instance; movement, vitality, power, time, thermodynamics, quantum science, measurable mechanics, expository elements and chemical equilibrium. Or Physical chemistry; the part of science managing the relations between the physical properties of substances and their chemical creation and changes. Biotechnology; is an innovation that includes the utilization of living life forms. It is primarily utilized in...
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Climate change and food shortage, resulting due to it, has been one of the major problems being faced by the World in recent times. Over the past century, human activities have released Carbon dioxide and Greenhouse gases to the atmosphere thereby altering it. Greenhouse gases, that is present as a blanket around the Earth, warms up the atmosphere by trapping energy entering it. This phenomenon is called the Greenhouse Effect and it is natural and necessary to support life on...
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Unfortunately, some of these adaptations can wreak havoc on our bodies in many cases bacteria might gain or develop enhanced virulence factors, which allow them to more. Effectively cause disease virulent bacteria by definition grow and Thrive at the expense of their hosts. For instance Some bacteria might release toxins that can travel through the blood causing life-threatening disease Others might be able to directly degrade our tissues or trigger aggressive Cascades within our immune system. In fact in many...
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A viable strategy to feed the planet and its people must also encourage the biodiversity preservation. One of the best ways to stimulate biodiversity is to reserve natural habitats. By sustaining or even increasing harvests on standing land, expansion of agriculture into natural areas can be minimized with help of biotechnology crops. Agriculture has been the pillar of food and nutrient supply not only for human but also for animals directly and indirectly. At this time agriculture is suffering from...
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Microbes are the organisms not able to be seen from naked eye. They play various roles in our daily life used as in biofuel production, biofertilization etc. Biofuel Energy products such as alchohols, diesel, hydrogen, biogas produced by the help of microorganisms are called biofuels. Microorganisms help in fermentation process or provide essential enzymes and help in the production of biofuels. Due to increase in global energy demand and increase in global oil prices biofuel is an area of immense...
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Abstract There are seven types of coronaviruses appeared till now and they are different in their pathogenicity and the degree of the severity of the symptoms they cause. Phylogenetic analysis should be conducted in order to know the origin of the lethal viruses to be able to find treatments for them. In this essay, what have been found so far about the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 will be discussed. Furthermore, the animal hosts that are similar to...
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Prokaryotic organisms are known as the single-celled organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and their DNA floats freely in the cell cytoplasm. For a protein to be synthesized, both processes of transcription and translation almost occur simultaneously. When the resulting protein is no longer needed, the transcription process stops. As a result, the primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is by the regulation of the DNA...
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Viruses’ evolutionary history has been an interesting but challenging topic for the cell biologists and virologist. Due to their great variety, it has been difficult for biologists to classify them and how they connect to the traditional tree of life. It can express genetic elements that can move between cells. They can represent organisms that lived freely before becoming parasites. It is also alleged they can be precursors of life (David R. Wessner, 2010) Recently, it was proposed that the...
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Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms which exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from past. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the primary to review microorganisms, using simple microscopes of his own design. Microorganisms can be found almost anywhere on Earth. Microorganims are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. They can be divided into six major types: bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses....
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Abstract Obesity represents one of the major health emergencies in developed countries. India is now behind US and China in this international list of top 10 countries with elevated amount of obese people. Obesity has been attributed in the causation of a number of metabolic disorders together with diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and cancers that enhance the mortality and morbidity hazard in adulthood. Alterations in thyroid functions were reported roughly in each obese patient. There is substantiation that an...
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Abstract Disease detection is crucial to scale back the losses in agricultural product yield and amount.Plant disease analyses include the study of variations found on the farm. Monitoring the security and identification of infections on plants is incredibly vital for organic farming. Manually, plant diseases can not be tracked simply in farms that contain completely different crops. This wants an enormous quantity of labor, expertise in plant diseases, and additionally needs substantial time interval. As a result, image processing is...
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Introduction Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in 19th-century environmental pollution has grown into a global problem and has affected air, water, soil, and ecosystems. This has shown a direct impact on human health and well-being. Disorders and diseases like cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract diseases, asthma, lung cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, autism, retinopathy, fetal growth, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, psychological complications, and low birth weight (Ghorani-Azam et.al 2016). Ecologically, environmental pollution can cause major serious threats to the diversity of...
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INTRODUCTION Folate is a water-soluble B- vitamin which has an essential nutritional function in the human body, especially very important for pregnant women and lactating mothers. The major sources of folate are green leafy vegetables, liver, legumes, egg yolk, wheat germ, milk and milk products, and yeast (Lin & Young, 2000). Folate deficiency is a global issue especially from developing countries, where the low folate intake has been linked with health disorders such as cancer, anemia, cardiovascular diseases, or neural...
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Corona virus history The family of corona virus contains RNA strand that is single stranded and are enveloped. This nucleic acid composition was previously known to be of the viruses that cause upper and lower respiratory diseases and cold to people with weak immunity and old people. The occurrence of SARS epidemic caused by SARS Cov corona agent in 2003 urged scientist to search about the Coronaviridae family. Middle East respiratory syndrome – MERS appeared after nine years of the...
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Abstract Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to grow plant cells, tissue, organs and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro. Plant tissue culture used to create large number of clones from a single explant and it is easy to select the desirable traits. Plant tissue culture technique is very helpful in genetically modified. In addition, we can do this technique at a very short time and small spaces. Therefore, the plant tissue culture...
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Abstract Mycoviruses are significant widespread viruses found to be infecting all major groups of plant pathogenic fungi. Mycoviruses require living cells to replicate like other animal and plant viruses. These viruses are transmitted through cell division or during spore formation. Most of the mycoviruses have double strand RNA genome, and few are known to have positive single strand RNA genome, DNA genomes are rear among mycoviruses with one exception of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA mycovirus 1 having DNA genome. Some...
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INRODUCTION Mitosis is a continuous process to separate copied chromosomes into two daugheter cells through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase ( Yuki, et al, 2012). On the other hand Kanyemba, (2020) defines mitosis as a mode in which cells can channel by dividing into two copies, during this process for each one of the resulting cells must have an accomplished copy of the genetic information in the parental cell and places one copy of each into each daughter cell. It...
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We know how the COVID-19 pandemic began: Bats near Wuhan, China, hold a mix of coronavirus strains, and sometime last fall one of the strains, opportunistic enough to cross species lines, left its host or hosts and ended up in a person. Then it was on the loose. What no one knows yet is how the pandemic will end. This coronavirus is unprecedented in the combination of its easy transmissibility, a range of symptoms going from none at all to...
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Innate immune defenses are triggered in response to virus infection. While failure to induce innate immunity is likely to result in increased infection. Here are the principles of Biology which can give us knowledge on how to fight over Corona Virus Disease of 2019. First is the Gene therapy which involves altering the genes inside your body's cells in an effort to treat or stop disease. Next is the Knowledge of evolution which can empower public health policy experts to...
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A catastrophic environmental imbalance is a matter that needs the attention of the world. The rise in average temperature of the earth’s climate system is what we call Global Warming. One of the major factors is increase in level of Carbon dioxide. Emission of these gases cause green house effect. When solar rays enter earth and hits earth’s surface they bounced back to the space. Due to increase in levels of green house gases, these rays get trapped in earth’s...
2 Pages
860 Words
Abstract India is an agricultural country and most of the people, wherein about 70% depends on agriculture. So, disease detection in plants is very important. Tomato is one of the strongly grown and widely used crops. There are many types of tomato diseases and pests, in which the pathology of which is complex. Crop diseases are a major threat to crop production, but their identification remains difficult in many parts of India due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure....
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Gene regulation is the way genes are expressed, and it starts with the central dogma. Gene regulation starts with the DNA which makes mRNA which then makes proteins. Prokaryotes, which are bacteria (for example E. coli), eat whatever we eat; therefore, if we drink milk, the bacteria will break down the lactose using gene regulation (Anderson, 2011). Bacterial genes are found in operons and use regulatory proteins to turn on and off groups of genes in reaction to many environmental...
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Emergence of Covid-19 Epidemiology Coronaviruses first broke out on 12th December 2019 in China, more accurately in Wuhan. At that time, COVID-19 was considered as epidemic with mysterious acute infection of the respiratory track of human beings. Studies have revealed that the possible emergence of the epidemic disease was from a sea food market located in Wuhan. Following 12th December 2019, the epidemic disease was classified as a novel coronavirus (nCoV/COVID-19). We did experience SARS-COV infection in Guangdong, China, back...
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ABSTRACT Most microorganisms on Earth live in various aggregates which are generally termed “Bio films”. They present and represent the most successful form of life. They are the active agents in bio filtration and carriers of the self-cleaning potential in soils, sediments and water. They are also common in surfaces in technical systems where they sometimes cause bio fouling. In recent days it has become evident that bio-films in drinking water distribution can become a long-term, habits for hygienically relevant...
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Abstract This paper presents the design of Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell with a dimension of 2.1m x 1.2m x 0.81m over a frequency range from DC up to 1 GHz using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. Different design parameters such as tapering length of central conductor (septum), transition in the apex, septum height etc. were taken into consideration before finalizing the dimensions of the cell. The field uniformity inside the cell and volume...
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Abstract With increase in population the need for food is on rise, in such circumstances, plant diseases prove to be a major threat to agricultural produce and result in disastrous consequences for farmers. Early detection of plant disease can help in ensuring food security and controlling financial losses. The images of diseased plants can be used to identify the diseases. Classification abilities of Convolutional Neural Networks are used to obtain reliable output. Google’s pretrained model ‘Inception v3’ is used. The...
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Introduction Articular cartilage is the highly specialized connective tissue of diartrodial joints. It’s principal function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient. Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage and is 2- 4 mm thick. Unlike most tissues articular cartilage doesn’t have blood vessels, nerve or lymphatics. It is composed of a dense extracellular matrix ( ECM) with a sparse distribution of highly specialized cells called chondrocytes The...
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ABSTRACT Nanobiotechnology is the study of the smallest biological items of nano scale 1-100 nm to create devices and systems of the equivalent range that employ for new purposes. There are many applications of nanobiotechnology such as it is used in food packaging, drug delivery, diagnosis, etc. I have discussed the applications of nanobiotechnology in food safety. Nanobiotechnology plays a vital role in the safety of food. Food is usually contaminated with microbial pathogens or their toxins produced by them....
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A few years back, the products labelled “probiotic” have become popular due to their ability in stimulating the growth of beneficial flora in the gut. Such products are Yakult, Vitagen and probiotics supplement pill. Then, I realize that bacteria in probiotic products are from a group known as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). LAB can be found in food and feed fermentation and most of them are beneficial microorganism. (Sampo Lahtinen et.al. , 2012) Foods such as tempeh, kimchi, miso and...
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