Cricket: History, Rules, Tournaments And Peculiarities

WHAT IS CRICKET?

Cricket is a game in which there are two teams which includes 11 players on the either sides. Before the match starts the captain of each team will do a toss and whichever team wins the toss have to decide whether they will ‘Bat’ or ‘Ball’. If they choose bat so they have to score an amount of runs which the other team could achieve and if they choose ball so they have to stop the other team to score many runs. Runs can be achieved by running between the wickets or by hitting boundaries and a boundary scores the batsmen 4 runs or 6 runs. The cricket match could consist of different overs for example 20 overs, 50 overs and so on. Cricket is a game which could be divided into two parts overs and innings. Overs consists of 6 ball and an inning consists of multiple overs.

HISTORY OF CRICKET

Cricket starts from somewhere around the dark ages. Cricket originally belongs to England because cricket was first played in the south-east England. Cricket is now the national game of England and now is spreading all over the world and mostly in Australia, India, Pakistan, and the West indies. Cricket is known to be possibly start in the 13th century. At that time when cricket was invented there were no ‘Bat’ so the cricket at that time was played with hockey sticks and the ball was known as a rock or a stone. There was a place in England known as The Kent and the first official match was against The Kent and the All England in 1744. Then by the time cricket moved to the Lords Cricket Ground and in 1814 Lords became the main headquarters of the international cricket. The first English touring teams overseas went in 1859. Cricket developed over years as ball was used except stone and bat was used except hockey sticks.

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RULES OF CRICKET

There are many rules of cricket:

• There should always be 2 teams which should have 11 players each.
• No ball (when baller steps over the line)
• Wide ball (when the ball is not in reach of the batsmen)
• Leg before wicket (LBW is given when the ball is missed by the batsmen and hits the pads of the batsmen)
• Stumping (when the batsmen is out of the crease and the wicketkeeper hits the ball on the stumps)
• Run out (when the batsmen could not reach the either ends and ball hits the stumps)
• Hit wicket (when the batsmen accidently or purposely hits the wicket with his bat)
• Ball handling (when the batsmen is caught touching the ball with his hands)
• 9Catch (when the ball is caught by fielder at the boundary, inside the circle or behind the wicket)
• If the ball hits the boundary it will be given as a 4 runs
• If the ball is hits over the boundary it will be given as 6 runs
• If the ball is caught by a fielder and the fielder accidently or purposely steps out of the boundary it would be given as 6 runs

TECHNIQUES USED FOR BOWLING

FOR LEG SPINNER

• Leg break
• Googly
• Topspinner
• Flicker ball
• Slider
• Flipper

FOR OFF SPINNER

• Off break
• Doosra
• Topspinner
• Carom ball
• Arm ball
• Teesra

LEFT/RIGHT ARM FAST BOWLING

• Bouncer
• Inswinger
• Reverse swing
• Leg cutter
• Off cutter
• Outswinger
• Yorker
• Slow ball

TECHNIQUES OF BATTING

• Late cut shot
• Leg glance shot
• Hook shot
• Pull shot
• On drive
• Straight drive
• Off drive
• Cover drive
• Square drive
• Square cut
• Cut shot

FORMATS OF CRICKET

There are 3 international formats of cricket:

• Test Cricket: In Test cricket there are 5 days in total and both teams have 2 innings each. One day in test cricket consists of 90 overs. Any one team has to chase the target given by the other team before the last (5th) day finishes.
• One Day International Cricket (ODI): One day international cricket also known as the ODI. In this there is 1 innings for each team which consists of 50 overs. In this the either team has to chase the target at the end of the day.
• Twenty20 International: It is also known as the shortest and fastest way of cricket. In this there is 1 innings for each team which consists of 20 overs. In this the either team has to chase the target at the end of the day.

TOURNAMENTS IN CRICKET

• ICC Cricket World Cup
• ICC Champions Trophy
• T20 World Cup
• Ashes Series
• Champions League Twenty20
• NatWest series
• Asia cup

LEAGUES IN CRICKET

• ICC world cricket league
• Indian Premier League (IPL)
• Caribbean Premier League (CPL)
• Pakistan Super League (PSL)
• Big Bash league (BBL)
• Bangladesh Premier League (BPL)

COMMON INJURIES IN CRICKET

• Rotator cuff injuries: this occurs when any of the rotator cuff muscle in the shoulder is damaged.
• Ankle sprain: it occurs when the ligament and the soft tissue are damaged during sprinting or jumping.
• Contusions: it is on the muscles and it occurs when any of the muscle is struck by the ball.
• Thrower’s elbow: it is also known as golfer’s elbow and it is felt on the inside of the elbow.
• Lower back pain: it occurs when there is pains in the sacroiliac joints which is in bottom side of the back.

TECHNOLOGIES USED IN CRICKET

• Snickometer: it is used to note the video and noise frequency to find that did the ball hit the bat.
• Hot spot: it is used to see that where ball struck at the batsmen with infra-red image.
• Hawk eye: it is used to record the statistical path of the ball
• Stump camera: it is used to see the action replays and it is a small camera installed in the wicket.
• Ball spin: it is used to see where the ball spins.
• Speed gun: it is used to measure the speed of the ball.
• Led bails: it is used to see whether the ball struck the stumps or not.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. (n.d.). Cricket : A Gentlemen's Game! Retrieved from https://www.topendsports.com/sport/cricket/basics.html
2. (n.d.). Different batting styles and techniques and shots in cricket Sports with webindia123.com. Retrieved from https://www.webindia123.com/sports/cricket/batting.html
3. Gough, P. (n.d.). 5 Common Cricket Injuries That Keep You On The Sidelines. Retrieved from https://www.paulgoughphysio.com/5-common-cricket-injuries-that-keep-you-on-the-sidelines/
4. Longmore, A., Williams, M. K., & Alston, R. (2019, August 22). Cricket. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/sports/cricket-sport
5. Roy, A. (2015, February 22). Top 10 Technological Advancements that Changed Cricket Forever. Retrieved from https://www.ibtimes.co.in/top-10-technological-advancements-that-changed-cricket-forever-624174
6. Show, R. S. (2019, August 23). Top 10 Most Popular Cricket Tournaments in the world. Retrieved from https://sportsshow.net/top-10-most-popular-cricket-tournaments-in-the-world/
7. (n.d.). The Three Formats of Cricket. Retrieved from https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/game-formats/the-three-formats