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DNA Essays

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Abstract The goal of this experiment was to isolate and sequence the GAPDH gene from Lilac. To extract, amplify, and transform the genomic DNA, we used PCR and nested PCR. This data was observed with gel electrophoresis and plating, which allows us to analyze the effectiveness of the ligation. pJET1.2 provided an essential restriction site that included eco47IR that killed the expressed genes in combination with the Bl/II gene that provided ampicillin resistance. The PCR was unsuccessful, as the DNA...
2 Pages 853 Words
DNA chemical reactions have found a couple of industrial applications. Targeting protein bound to DNA for manipulation of disease prognosis is gaining a lot of interest among scientists. Due to advancement of in silico technology, thousands of molecules can be search for protein interaction. Molecules with the best docking properties to target proteins can then be synthesized in the lab and used in wet lab setting to affirm their activity. To accelerate this process scientist have set up chemical databases...
5 Pages 2231 Words
Introduction Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the major obstetric complications that has been associated with term consequences as poor postnatal outcomes, perinatal morbidity, and mortality. (1). Nowadays, early prediction of FGR is the primary goal in maternal-fetal medicine, followed by prevention strategies in the antenatal period. Many thriving screening models like combining biochemical markers with Doppler were studied, but further investigation was needed to contribute (2, 3). Two groups were defined for classifying FGR as early and late-onset...
4 Pages 1651 Words
Are our privileges being dismissed when police use DNA databases, for example, 23andme to get suspects? Cases that started the discussion, for example, the Golden State Killer began the discussion regarding the matter. This has also led to the debates about if it is an ethical action to take and if it dismisses our rights to privacy. Will this lead to changes in or rights as citizens and laws will change to adapt to this newfound crime-fighting tool. The Golden...
5 Pages 2262 Words
DNA fingerprinting otherwise called hereditary fingerprinting, DNA composing, and DNA profiling is an atomic hereditary technique that empowers ID of people utilizing hair, blood, semen, or other organic examples, in light of extraordinary examples in their DNA. One of a kind DNA fingerprints emerge because of confinement catalyst processing of a person's couple rehash loci. In people having a place with explicitly out reproducing populaces, the subsequent multilocus DNA profiles are commonly factor and special to the person. These multilocus...
3 Pages 1556 Words
Introduction DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a rich source of evidence used in forensic investigations. It is extracted from the nucleus from biological samples such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine and the hair of the root. Every individual has a unique DNA sequence. This is known as a ‘profile’. In the 1980s, Alec Jefferey (14) had discovered that a person’s DNA can be distinguished from one person to another due to its genetic sequence. DNA was first introduced in...
2 Pages 857 Words
The first use of genetically modified crop (GM crops) is to increase their yields, enhanced nutrition, and resistance to disease. So, how do they do it? To product a GM crops, the scientist first transfers a modified DNA to a parent plant cells, and the seeds product by these parents’ plant will also have the modified DNA in them. So, the next generation product by these seeds will be a GM crops. But our concern is that better than the...
1 Page 596 Words
In the left lane 5 bands were obtained by digesting lambda DNA with EcoRI. This depicts that the DNA has been digested as first few lanes are visible instead of 12 visible bands, this is due to weak staining of DNA, hence only larger bands are visible. Also, agarose gel does not have a high resolving power as compared to polyacrylamide gel (PAGE). They are still used for electrophoresis because their construction is easy and quick to run. In the...
1 Page 600 Words
Abstract This paper will discuss the methods and applications of gel electrophoresis. This researcher will address the production of a gel from agarose and a buffer solution. The role of the gel, the buffer solution, and the intricacies of the electrophoresis machine will be capitalized upon. The laboratory experiences of this researcher in extracting DNA from plant-based materials will be synthesized with various articles that will assist in forming a working definition of DNA electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is prized in the...
3 Pages 1503 Words
The process of DNA Electrophoresis is very intricate; there are many factors that can push the experiment either way. If done right Electrophoresis can help change the world in a dramatic way. The most advanced discoveries have come from DNA Electrophoresis like: cloning, DNA Fingerprinting, and the discovery of DNA’s shape and form it takes. DNA Electrophoresis is a long but rewarding process that can determine important elements of life forms. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the base of life...
3 Pages 1507 Words
DNA is composed of three parts- a phosphate group, a 5-carbon (pentose) sugar called deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, there are four kinds of nitrogenous bases. These bases are called adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). DNA is a negatively charged particle, and its negative charge comes from the phosphate component. “The backbone of DNA is formed by sugar- phosphate- sugar chain. Phosphate groups in the DNA backbone carry negatively-charged oxygen molecules giving the phosphate-sugar...
3 Pages 1331 Words
Our bodies are a complex system of bones, muscles, vital organs, water, and blood that has been built upon since we were embryos. What created how our bodies were built was on Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA for short. It is a system of an ever-complex combination of 4 different nitrogen bases that expand to over 3.2 billion combinations that are unique to ever living organism in the world. From this discovery of DNA in 1950s we have made a large...
3 Pages 1614 Words
Introduction You have asked me to research DNA test kits, which are tests that analyze a sample of an individual’s DNA and look for specific characteristics associated with different conditions. These tests can reveal genealogical information, health information, and also establish legal paternity. DNA tests can also be used in forensic science to help solve active cases. Background DNA, which is short for deoxyribonucleic acid, holds the entire story of a person’s past, present, and future. It makes an individual...
6 Pages 2615 Words
Introduction Shelf life of food is the maximum time that the food produce can be stored, during which duration the quality remains acceptable for storage. Food industries face major challenges in storage and transportation after harvesting of fruits due their highly perishable nature. Ripening is followed by decaying due to accumulation of toxic components which Is the result of increased microbial growth resulting from increased water content due to ripening. The fact that the fruits start ripening at a particular...
6 Pages 2711 Words
The use of DNA evidence in courts have grown in recent years, in fact, DNA testing has over the years helped law enforcement identify as well as solve difficult crimes. DNA evidence has over the years has helped prove that most convicted people are, in fact, innocent. However, although DNA evidence can be accurate, there is often a danger of the evidence being compromised. There is a need for law enforcement to take great measures during the collection process in...
4 Pages 2008 Words
DNA isolation is a process that deals with the purification of DNA from a given sample with the help of physical and chemical methods. According to -, DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Of recent, it is a routine procedure used in both molecular biology and forensic analyses. In regards to the chemical method, there are many different kits used for extraction. PCR sensitivity detection is considered to show the variation between the commercial kits. There are...
1 Page 552 Words
Introduction Protein–DNA interactions play a critical role in the molecular biology of all organisms. For example, the ∼3.3 billion base pairs human genome is estimated to code for at least several thousand DNA-binding proteins, including transcription factors, nucleases, repair proteins, topoisomerases, structural proteins, and DNA and RNA polymerases. The experimental research aims to isolate DNA plasmid from an E. coli culture, undergo PCR for amplifying specific DNA fragments, perform restriction digestion using the enzymes of HindIII and XbaI followed by...
4 Pages 1631 Words
The DNA Structure is important for determining the structure of protein.The DNA is located in the nucleus.The nucleus is an organelle found in cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. The purpose of DNA is that it controls and gives cells to our entire bodies.Such as: genes, lungs, fingers, skin, etc. DNA is shaped with double stranded DNA in which two strands intertwine to form a double helix Deoxyribose sugar, Adenine,...
2 Pages 813 Words
Introduction The question of how to define what a species is has been a contentious issue for as long as the concept has been around. Even without a consensus on definitions the idea of a species is fundamental to all fields of biology, especially so with evolutionary biology. The term “I know it when I see it” can be a good way to define a species, however, while historically morphology has been used to classify organisms into species, mimicry as...
3 Pages 1317 Words
ABSTRACT To take complete advantage of the large and rapidly increasing body of sequence information, advanced technologies are very much required. Among the most powerful tools for genomics are high-density arrays of oligonucleotides or cDNAs. Exploration of the genome using DNA microarray should narrow the gap in our knowledge between gene function and molecular biology. Nucleic acid arrays or simply DNA arrays work by hybridisation of labelled RNA or DNA in a solution to DNA molecules attached to a unique...
4 Pages 2062 Words
For those that watch television crime dramas, the use of DNA evidence appears to be the final nail in the conviction coffin. Television portrays DNA as direct evidence; evidence that proves the existence of the fact without the use of interferences or presumptions. In reality, DNA is wholly circumstantial in nature. In this paper I will be focusing on what DNA is, how it is used, and what issues and limitations it has. First off, deoxyribose nucleic acid, better known...
1 Page 604 Words
Many believe that DNA is the silver bullet in a crime scene investigation, to which I strongly disagree. Quoting Chris Alpen, ‘DNA can never replace a thoughtful, creative detective with the right resources’, and that ‘technology is ultimately a system run by humans where mistakes can and will be made, regardless of how advanced it is.’ DNA is powerful in its ability to identify a person; ¬its discovery can determine the innocence or guilt of a suspect. Trace amounts of...
1 Page 501 Words
Life is a DNA driven programme and death results from its technical failure. Protein and DNA were evolved naturally from the gas present in the environment of the primitive world. It was the effect of high voltage thunderbolts and asteroid hits on the surface of the earth. Millions of years ago passage of the high voltage energy across the environmental gas created protein and DNA. Origin and evolution of DNA and DNA replication mechanism are not yet fully known, but...
2 Pages 701 Words
Abstract An important method used in biology is plasmid purification. What makes this method so important is because a purified plasmid sample is essential for many experiments, including important techniques like DNA sequencing. Purified E.coli plasmid pBR322 using gel electrophoresis and a calibration curve were used in this experiment to quantify the size of the purified plasmid. Examples were examined using gel electrophoresis and were measured to the known size of pBR322, this helped determined if the plasmid was the...
2 Pages 797 Words
The origin of DNA fingerprinting was discovered in 1984 by Dr Alec Jeffreys (Jackson and Jackson, 2011, p. 158). Over the decades, with technical developments in genetics, the original DNA fingerprinting procedure has undertaken a variety of modifications and refinements. DNA profiling has become so precise and sensitive that in the United Kingdom it is no longer allowed to be used as a sole piece of evidence in a criminal investigation, it has to be used alongside other procedures. Nevertheless,...
4 Pages 1792 Words
The reuptake of dopamine within the brain is initiated by proteins referred to as “Dopamine Transporters” (DAT) found in-between neurons. DAT act on the pre-synaptic neurons nerve endings and allows them to absorb the dopamine neurotransmitter, thus terminating the transmission of a message. The reuptake and regulation of dopamine results in a steady and level headed mental state. Dopamine as a molecule is a monoamine neurotransmitter, a term that refers to its chemical structure and the fact that it derives...
3 Pages 1463 Words
In the last few decades there has been an increasing interest on how genes affect children’s learning processes and development. Nowadays, researchers are trying to find out what exactly is contributing in education, what are the important outcomes any educational professional should know and how education can be improved. Biological factors are actually being measured in different studies to be able to understand how do genes come up in each individual and if there is any relation between them. We...
5 Pages 2486 Words
Introduction This project will be discussing how DNA evidence has assisted the UK’s criminal justice system in identify defendants that are involved in crimes, and to what extent has it done so? To be able to answer this question, the historical side of DNA evidence will need to be highlighted and what developments have been made since its inception. Another thing that this project aims to do is, to determine whether the standard and burden of proof of DNA evidence...
4 Pages 1746 Words
Abstract In this Research Paper, the reader will be able to learn what is the meaning, the purpose, and how DNA databases are used. DNA databases are not just lists of DNA collected by law enforcement from individuals and crime scenes, and they are also created by profit and non-profit organizations. This paper also has my personal opinion as the author, in which I am not aiming to persuade you, I am aiming to inform you on why I believe...
6 Pages 2631 Words
In 1940, biologist had a hard time accepting DNA as genetic information due to its chemistry (The Structure and Function of DNA, n.d.). DNA is a nucleic acid and is where genetic information is stored in a molecule to build and maintain an organism (DNA structure and function, 2014). DNA is known as the molecule of heredity (Gaughan, 2019). The four main purpose and roles of DNA are replication, encoding, cellular management and the ability to mutate (Gaughan, 2019). The...
2 Pages 694 Words
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