DNA essays

Everything in the universe is made of plenty of different types of atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and so on, but plenty of them do not have life; for example, they can be clothes, machines, papers, and so on. Even though they do not have life, they are very useful for human beings’ life, so we need to be grateful to them. In addition, to create an object, physical or chemical impacts between atoms or molecules need to occur....

Abstract Through the lens of this experiment, it shows that the gene Rfp encoding, a mutant of the red fluorescent protein - a product of the coral Discosoma striata, AmilCp encoding for the blue chromoprotein from Acropora millespora were duplicated into a pTTQ18 plasmid vector. Accompanied with the amplified PCR of the DNA fragments encoding carrying the Rfp and AmilCp genes, the cloning experiment was initiated. Accompanied with the restriction enzymes Kpn1 and Sma1, both the plasmid and DNA fragments...

Abstract The exploitation of shark species to satisfy the high market demand is now becoming a worldwide concern since the numbers for many species of these apex predators are now declining at an alarming rate. Shark DNA extracted from shark samples collected from the Australian fisheries management, amplified and used for identification. Although there are different methods of identifying a species, they proved to be insignificant at times of need. A dire need for species identification method that is both...

DNA database plays an important role in the world, specifically the criminal and forensic world. DNA database, in this case forensic DNA database. The term DNA database refers to a collection of DNA samples and any other evidence stored as DNA profiles. DNA database could be extremely useful during criminal investigations. For example comparing a DNA sample, specifically taken from a crime scene, to a suspect’s DNA stored in a database, would determine whether the suspect is guilty or not,...

Introduction DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vital coding that makes up the entirety of an organism (Lesk, 2005). These long, double helix structures contain four nucleotides which sequentially create nucleic acids, then consequently combine in different ways to form specific proteins that perform various tasks for the organism during its lifetime (Sanderson, 2007). Once the animal reproduces, this genetic coding is passed on to offspring (Lesk, 2005). There are many practical uses for DNA extraction, which range from its use...

Abstract DNA analysis is very important in forensics as it is a method to discover a victim or perpetuator of a crime. The study done was to extract DNA using a buccal swab and analyse it using a capillary gel electrophoresis which was then compared to determine the perpetuator of a crime. The DNA was extracted, quantity of DNA determined using a nanodrop and then a capillary gel electrophoresis was done. The DNA collected was of low quantity being 0.0686...

Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid, often abbreviated to DNA, is found in the nucleus of the cells of almost all living organisms on earth. DNA contains the genetic instructions for making proteins and how an organism will develop, live and reproduce, and is often referred to the building block of life for organisms (reference). DNA is arranged in a spiralling double helix shape, similar to a twisted ladder, and contains thousands of repeating nucleotides, which are the structural components of DNA. Each...

Rationale Regarding the claim made that ‘Sex linked genetic diseases affect more males than females’, many queries and investigations were raised. These then led to questions such as ‘What is a sex-linked genetic disease?’ and ‘What are inheritance patterns?’. The claim did not specify what kind of diseases were studied and what quantitative number of males were affected and that meant reviewing it would be very difficult. Subsequently a detailed research question was proposed: RQ “Does Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)...

Introduction Over the years, rapidly advancing technology and new scientific theories have resulted in growth in many areas of scientific thought. Scientists of the past who had endless questions about the human anatomy and the interesting nature of genes have discovered that most of the answers lie in a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms. Due to its overwhelming complexity, the life-changing discovery of DNA’s structure...

Introduction Radiation is the emission of energy from any thing. There are many varieties of radiation, starting from very high energy radiation like x-rays and gamma rays to very low energy radiation – like radio waves. UV rays are within the middle of this spectrum. They have more energy than visible light, but not as much as x-rays. So Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10nm to 400 nm that comes from the sun...

DNA represents deoxyribonucleic acid. It’s the hereditary code that decides all the qualities of a living thing. DNA in the living cell is exposed to numerous concoction changes, the hereditary coding in DNA needs to stay uncorrupted or unaltered. An inability to fix DNA delivers a mutation. DNA repair deficiency is an ailment because of diminished usefulness of DNA repair. DNA repair defect can cause a quickened maturing illness or an expanded danger of cancer or both some of the...

INTRODUCTION ARBITRARY PRIMED PCR The Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) is a type of PCR which is also known as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). It is based on DNA fingerprinting technique in which primers are used whose nucleotide sequence is arbitrarily chosen. After the invention of PCR it was realized that short primer would bind on several locations in a genome and thus could multiple fragments. In 1990 J. Welsh and McClelland uses long primers but lowers primer...

Introduction The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) having a place with the family Arecaceae [1], a diploid oil-delivering crop with a genomic size of 1.8 Gb [2], is one of the most important oil-bearing crops in the world. It is a large feather palm having a solitary columnar stem, short internodes, and short spines on both the leaf bases and within the fruit bunches [3]. It has irregular sets of leaflets on the leaf, which gives the palm its characteristic...

Abstract Each active life has complex molecules in their cells called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) which are responsible for all biological features. These DNA molecules are further reduced into grander structures called chromosomes, which together compose the being’s genome. Genes are size altering DNA sequences which comprise code that are frequently used to produce proteins. There has been a struggle to reliably try to identify the gene sequences since the entire anthropological genome has been sequenced. Gene classification and prediction are...

ABSTRACT DNA Fingerprint is a real technique that is used in labs. DNA fingerprint was discover in 20th Century. This survey quickly thirty years of progress in measurable. DNA sample that accrued in crime scene like stains of blood, semen, saliva or hair born material as well. In DNA Fingerprint many applications are used for many different purpose which contain advantages and disadvantages too. Now a day it is very useful technique. INTRODUCTION What is DNA Fingerprint? DNA finger print...

Tandem – repetitive minisatellite DNA portion of human can be used to produce someone’s specific Dna fingerprint. Studies shows the reliability of the analysis. Dna is the genetic fabric which is present in all the cells of the body. This molecule present a few characteristics, as VNTR, special present in different people. This can be a key in the improvement of few method, in this case DNA fingerprinting. This strategy has simple steps that we are going survey in this...

Abstract In current era of ubiquitous smart devices, detecting malware is becoming an endless battel between ever evolving malware and anti-virus program which leads to increase in day-by-day processing of security related data. For detecting those malware various approaches has been developed over time. One of the approach among them is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence analysis. This includes comparision of sequencs in order tosearch similarity, identification of intrinsic features of sequence search, identification of differences and variations, revealing the evolution...

Introduction As most people know, DNA is the heredity material in humans. What some people may not know is that DNA is the heredity material in all living organisms. DNA is mostly found in the nucleus of the cell, which is enclosed with a nuclear membrane. Contained within the membrane is the majority of the cell’s genetic material. The main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information. DNA was first discovered in 1869 by Friedrich...

Microbiome Research The term “microbiome” is defined as the collection of the microbial taxa or microbes and their genes. Thus, it gives an idea of all the organisms and genomes that composes a sample (Xia, Sun, & Chen, 2018). In 2005, with advances in DNA-sequencing technologies such as 454 Pyrosequencing and Illumina sequencing, researchers started to analyze DNA extracted directly from a sample rather than from individually cultured microbes (Eckburg, et al., 2005). This approach has been widely studied in...

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the primary hereditary material in a human body. The Human DNA is double helical in structure. Majority of the DNA is present in nucleus of the cell called the Nuclear DNA, and some in the mitochondria of the cell called the mitochondrial DNA. The DNA complexes with proteins to form chromosomes which contain our genes and all genetic information. DNA FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUE It is a technique in which a sample of DNA is...

Introduction This report will discuss some general topics on DNA Methylation and its link with aging. First paragraph will talk about DNA Methylation in general, second paragraph will discuss DNA Methylation and its link to X-Chromosome inactivation, third paragraph will discuss DNA Methylation and its correlation with Cancer, and in the fourth paragraph will discuss DNA Methylation relationship to Aging. Basic information about DNA Methylation DNA methylation controls gene expression in organisms. Gene slicing through methylation happens by the activity...

It was hypothesised that if the fruit was mixed with dishwashing liquid, salt, water and ethanol, then DNA would be extracted. This was supported. The aim, of the experiment was to extract DNA from fruit and look at it under the microscope. This was achieved based on the results of the experiment. Adequate amounts of DNA were extracted from the grapes. The dishwashing liquid was used in the DNA extracting solution as it bursts open the cells of the fruit,...

Evolution of Herbicide Resistance Weeds On a large geographical scale, many independent evolutionary events could simultaneously interplay for the emergence of herbicide resistance (Bonny, 2016). Regular use of glyphosate on a considerable proportion of GM crop fields makes the assumption of glyphosate resistance development a reasonable hypothesis. It is not mandatory for weeds to be a poorer competitor than susceptible weeds as no fitness differential was detectable between susceptible and resistant biotypes (Busi et al., 2013). In tolerance development, various...

Apurinic and apyrimidind (abasic or AP) sites are the most common DNA lesions that have the ability to block replicative polymerases. Stem cell-specific 5-hydroxymethylcytosine-binding protein (HMCES) covalently crosslinks to the AP site and prevents genome instability. An HMCES DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) with an AP site within a 3′ overhang DNA is able to shield the Ap site from endonucleases and error-prone polymerases. The conserved SOS-response associated peptidase (SRAP) domain of HMCES and its Escherichia coli ortholog YedK are able to...

INTRODUCTION METAVERSE Dual-Chain is a block-chain system that satisfactorily implements the Dual-Chain Network Setup or Architecture (DNA) in providing optimum and satisfaction-level scalability, security, inter-operabililty and de-centralization. Metaverse, is not just different from other chains, but comparatively more beneficial and it offers optimized features. Unlike in other chains where one functionality or feature's quality is compromised for the other, Metaverse, by the utilization of DNA (Dual-Chain-Network-Architecture), offers all the features needed without any of them habing to affect the level...

Introduction to DNA's Role in Biological Systems DNA is of pivotal importance to science and technology as it holds the genetic information required to guide the life of every organism and the survival of every species. It contains the instructions needed to make proteins and coordinate internal processes throughout an organism’s entire lifespan. Without DNA, individuals would not be able to progress through stages of development or reproduce to pass on this hereditary information to new generations and allow the...

Communication and collaboration are vital in scientific research and for scientists to effectively communicate has a deep history in the discovery of DNA. The winners of the noble prize, James Watson and Francis Crick, are hotly debated in science, if Rosalind Franklin’s data was stolen by them and that sexism was in science to discredit her and rob her of the prize. This can all be explained away by poor use of communication, collaboration and conflict in ideas. Collaboration in...

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. DNA was discovered in 1860. The molecule now known as DNA was first identified in the 1860s by a Swiss chemist named Johann Friedrich Miescher. Johann set out to research the key components of white blood cells, part of our body’s immune system. The main source of these cells was pus-coated bandages collected...

DNA profiling is a forensic technique designed to solve crimes using scientific materials and by using multiple scientific methods; I.e extraction. Extracting fingerprints can help you find out who the potential suspect of the crime is/was. A specific pattern called a “profile” is obtained from a person (the potential suspect/victim(s))) or sample of bodily tissue. By doing this it can determine and convey who was present at the crime. Forensicsciencesimplified.org states as technology advances, forensic scientists are able to “analyse”...

The human body is infected by a massive variety of different pathogens new and old every day and so a huge collection of different specific antibodies are needed to fight against them. Once a B cell is activated it is converted into an antibody producing factory, the plasma cell. They contain more cytocolic component (as the cytoplasm is the ribosomal workbench for producing proteins) and less area for the nuclear regions. The consequence of genetic alterations can lead to cancer...