Gene essays

Introduction Shelf life of food is the maximum time that the food produce can be stored, during which duration the quality remains acceptable for storage. Food industries face major challenges in storage and transportation after harvesting of fruits due their highly perishable nature. Ripening is followed by decaying due to accumulation of toxic components which Is the result of increased microbial growth resulting from increased water content due to ripening. The fact that the fruits start ripening at a particular...

DNA isolation is a process that deals with the purification of DNA from a given sample with the help of physical and chemical methods. According to -, DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Of recent, it is a routine procedure used in both molecular biology and forensic analyses. In regards to the chemical method, there are many different kits used for extraction. PCR sensitivity detection is considered to show the variation between the commercial kits. There are...

Diseases come in various types and subtypes and they all possess diverse underlying mechanisms. A common factor in all of them is the influence of the genetic background that is unique to every individual. The presence of susceptibility genes and modifier genes in our genome provides insights into the way our bodies respond to disease-causing factors and the complicated gene-gene interactions that take place resulting in varying outcomes. This review discusses the dynamics and complexities of susceptibility genes and modifier...

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. DNA was discovered in 1860. The molecule now known as DNA was first identified in the 1860s by a Swiss chemist named Johann Friedrich Miescher. Johann set out to research the key components of white blood cells, part of our body’s immune system. The main source of these cells was pus-coated bandages collected...

Communication and collaboration are vital in scientific research and for scientists to effectively communicate has a deep history in the discovery of DNA. The winners of the noble prize, James Watson and Francis Crick, are hotly debated in science, if Rosalind Franklin’s data was stolen by them and that sexism was in science to discredit her and rob her of the prize. This can all be explained away by poor use of communication, collaboration and conflict in ideas. Collaboration in...

Introduction to DNA's Role in Biological Systems DNA is of pivotal importance to science and technology as it holds the genetic information required to guide the life of every organism and the survival of every species. It contains the instructions needed to make proteins and coordinate internal processes throughout an organism’s entire lifespan. Without DNA, individuals would not be able to progress through stages of development or reproduce to pass on this hereditary information to new generations and allow the...

INTRODUCTION METAVERSE Dual-Chain is a block-chain system that satisfactorily implements the Dual-Chain Network Setup or Architecture (DNA) in providing optimum and satisfaction-level scalability, security, inter-operabililty and de-centralization. Metaverse, is not just different from other chains, but comparatively more beneficial and it offers optimized features. Unlike in other chains where one functionality or feature's quality is compromised for the other, Metaverse, by the utilization of DNA (Dual-Chain-Network-Architecture), offers all the features needed without any of them habing to affect the level...

Evolution of Herbicide Resistance Weeds On a large geographical scale, many independent evolutionary events could simultaneously interplay for the emergence of herbicide resistance (Bonny, 2016). Regular use of glyphosate on a considerable proportion of GM crop fields makes the assumption of glyphosate resistance development a reasonable hypothesis. It is not mandatory for weeds to be a poorer competitor than susceptible weeds as no fitness differential was detectable between susceptible and resistant biotypes (Busi et al., 2013). In tolerance development, various...

Abstract In current era of ubiquitous smart devices, detecting malware is becoming an endless battel between ever evolving malware and anti-virus program which leads to increase in day-by-day processing of security related data. For detecting those malware various approaches has been developed over time. One of the approach among them is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence analysis. This includes comparision of sequencs in order tosearch similarity, identification of intrinsic features of sequence search, identification of differences and variations, revealing the evolution...

ABSTRACT DNA Fingerprint is a real technique that is used in labs. DNA fingerprint was discover in 20th Century. This survey quickly thirty years of progress in measurable. DNA sample that accrued in crime scene like stains of blood, semen, saliva or hair born material as well. In DNA Fingerprint many applications are used for many different purpose which contain advantages and disadvantages too. Now a day it is very useful technique. INTRODUCTION What is DNA Fingerprint? DNA finger print...

Abstract Each active life has complex molecules in their cells called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) which are responsible for all biological features. These DNA molecules are further reduced into grander structures called chromosomes, which together compose the being’s genome. Genes are size altering DNA sequences which comprise code that are frequently used to produce proteins. There has been a struggle to reliably try to identify the gene sequences since the entire anthropological genome has been sequenced. Gene classification and prediction are...

Introduction The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) having a place with the family Arecaceae [1], a diploid oil-delivering crop with a genomic size of 1.8 Gb [2], is one of the most important oil-bearing crops in the world. It is a large feather palm having a solitary columnar stem, short internodes, and short spines on both the leaf bases and within the fruit bunches [3]. It has irregular sets of leaflets on the leaf, which gives the palm its characteristic...

Prokaryotic organisms are known as the single-celled organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and their DNA floats freely in the cell cytoplasm. For a protein to be synthesized, both processes of transcription and translation almost occur simultaneously. When the resulting protein is no longer needed, the transcription process stops. As a result, the primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is by the regulation of the DNA...

Introduction Plant genetic engineering is a very important technique towards the productivity of better yield of crops. Cell wall is a great obstacle in genetic engineering techniques for transfer of foreign genetic material to obtain desirable products. Because it doesn’t allow the large particles to enter in the plant cell. Nanoparticles are promising materials for the transmission of biomolecules, inferable from their capacity to cross plant cell walls without outer power and profoundly tunable physicochemical properties for differing load conjugation...

Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid, often abbreviated to DNA, is found in the nucleus of the cells of almost all living organisms on earth. DNA contains the genetic instructions for making proteins and how an organism will develop, live and reproduce, and is often referred to the building block of life for organisms (reference). DNA is arranged in a spiralling double helix shape, similar to a twisted ladder, and contains thousands of repeating nucleotides, which are the structural components of DNA. Each...

Introduction DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vital coding that makes up the entirety of an organism (Lesk, 2005). These long, double helix structures contain four nucleotides which sequentially create nucleic acids, then consequently combine in different ways to form specific proteins that perform various tasks for the organism during its lifetime (Sanderson, 2007). Once the animal reproduces, this genetic coding is passed on to offspring (Lesk, 2005). There are many practical uses for DNA extraction, which range from its use...

DNA database plays an important role in the world, specifically the criminal and forensic world. DNA database, in this case forensic DNA database. The term DNA database refers to a collection of DNA samples and any other evidence stored as DNA profiles. DNA database could be extremely useful during criminal investigations. For example comparing a DNA sample, specifically taken from a crime scene, to a suspect’s DNA stored in a database, would determine whether the suspect is guilty or not,...

Do you know if you are in good health? Maybe BMI can tell you the answer. BMI values can be obtained by dividing weight(kg) by the square of height(m). The BMI values in the range of 18.5-30 are normal, but the values up to 30 are defined as obesity. If you are obese, I'm sorry to inform you that you need to change. In fact, obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the 21st century. Even...

This essay aims to answer this question by evaluating the role of genetic responsibility in doctor-patient confidentiality in the context of individuals suffering from Huntington disease (HD). HD is an uncurable and progressive neurological disorder characterised by late onset of motor, cognitive and behavioural changes. HD is an autosomal dominant disorder where an individual offspring has a 50% chance of inheriting the HD causing allele (Caron et al., 2018). Genetic responsibility is the responsibility of one’s genetic information to self...

Today in biology the field of genetics is its own ever-expanding branch; geneticists can now tell us the entire blueprint for the human body due to a project completed in the early 2000s called the ‘Human Genome Project’, over 30,000 genes have been coded and the chromosomes that house them logged in a complete set of DNAs which can show what makes a human being. A genome is the complete set of deoxyribonucleic acid, a chemical compound that contains the...

Human DNA is present in every cell except RBCs and can be found in body fluids like saliva, blood, semen, vaginal fluids, bones, teeth, hair and sweat. DNA has its individuality and DNA typing methodologies are subjected to scientific and legal scrutiny. DNA has been used as unique investigation material in forensics since Alec Jeffrey introduced RFLP in 1985 for identifing the unique markers in the genetic material.[4] DNA Quantification estimates the amount of DNA present in the source of...

Abstract In this paper , we propose the technique of DNA-Genetic Encryption (D-GET) to make the technique more reliable and less predictable. In this process, any form of digital data is binarized and transformed into DNA sequencing, reshaping, encrypting, crossover, mutating and then reshaping. D-GET 's main stages are repeated three times or more. Encrypted data is transmitted in a text or image file format. On the other hand, the receiver uses D-GET to decode and reshape the obtained data...

Quantum mechanics is a dimension of science that describes the behavior of energy, waves, subatomic particles and the uncertainty principle mathematically. It was founded by a group of scientists in the 1920’s to uncover more about the physical properties of nature. One of the founders, Erwin Schrödinger, published a book titled ‘What is Life?’ in 1944 where he claimed that there is a radical difference in the random motion of atoms at the molecular level between living things and nonliving...

GENETIC ENGINEERING OF PROLINE Scientists advanced transgenic cultivars overexpressing the P5CS gene from Vigna aconitifolia (moth bean). The converted cultivars showed enlarged proline accumulation compared with the nontransformed wild plants by 10- to 18-fold. The enhanced levels of proline contributed to flower development and enlargement of root and plant dry biomass. The rice OsP5CS1 and OsP5CS2 genes were expressed together in tobacco.The transgenic cultivars of the second generation (T2) recorded 3.2-fold increased proline accumulation along with improved root length and...

Introduction Through this essay, I will introduce intelligence scientifically as a component of many different traits and defining it in context of research on intelligence in humans. It has many different definitions and can be spilt into statistical values, such as g and IQ, or specific traits that contribute to overall intelligence, such as cognitive ability, fluid and crystallised intelligence, memory, or verbal reasoning. the nature vs nurture debate is controversial and currently being investigated in research, and I have...

The process of “how much” genetic versus environmental factors matter has recently been replaced by questions about the processes that may mediate the relationship between the genome and social/environmental phenomenon (Spinath and Bleidorn,2017) For many years there have been debates on nature versus nurture but in contrast, we will be looking at how these two aspects work in unison to bring about cognition. We will try to understand the real meaning of gene-environment interactions and discuss its roles and influences...

The key goals in performing this study in-lab was to determine how PCR can be used to amplify desirable segments of DNA, examine how agarose gel electrophoresis can separate DNA fragments via size, and analyze DNA fragments on agarose gels to determine our PTC diplotypes. The collection of this data was done by gathering a sample of cheek cell DNA, then combining said cells with an InstaGene™ matrix (BioRad Laboratories) to isolate the cheek cell DNA (Lintott 4). It was...

As inhabitants of the twenty-first century, there has been significant advancements in the field of genetics. One such technological advancement that is still developing may make it possible to “select” our children’s genes and characteristics (Agar, 2006). In effect, “designer babies” will likely be a possibility in the near future. A “designer baby” defined by the Oxford English Dictionary is “a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with in vitro fertilization to ensure the...

Climate change and anthropogenic measures are an increasing obstacle for global biodiversity. As global biodiversity continues to be threatened and ecological systems disturbed, measures for conserving biodiversity can become challenging (Sutherland et al., 2010).Similar to other ecological systems, marine environments face several anthropogenic challenges, such as overfishing, chemical contamination, pollution and habitat loss (Korpinen et al., 2016). Along with climate change, these factors all contribute to the ongoing decrease in genetic diversity of marine species (Pinsky et al., 2014). Ellegren...

The DNA of every individual is unique. Even identical twins have variations in their DNA that makes it unique. DNA can not only be used to identify a person but can also reveal medical issues and project potential health problems that may arise in the future (“DNA test company 23andMe now fueling medical research”, 2018). Law enforcement has been using DNA to help identify criminals for many years and has created a very large DNA database (Dedrickson, 2018). The military...