Gene editing has been a controversial topic in the science department ever since it has been discovered. Science laboratories have used mice as subjects to grow human ears, genetically modified crops have been used to supply the food market, and also used to cure diseases within animals. The question of whether it should be implemented into the human fetus is now a topic that has everybody standing on their toes. Due to the morality and ethical reasons, gene editing should...
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. DNA was discovered in 1860. The molecule now known as DNA was first identified in the 1860s by a Swiss chemist named Johann Friedrich Miescher. Johann set out to research the key components of white blood cells, part of our body’s immune system. The main source of these cells was pus-coated bandages collected...
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As we are facing a climate change epidemic, alongside population growth and food insecurity, the future of crop production must be carefully considered. Crops may have adapted to certain environmental stresses, however, with weather extremes occurring more frequently, the integration of gene editing technologies may enhance the tolerance, yield, and overall success of crop plants. Failing to increase yields in a sustainable manner will negatively impact our ability to produce large amounts of food in the future. “Sustainable intensification” of...
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With scientific evidence about grammar gene, it is now possible to detect the gene deficiency well in advance to manage it. For a new born child, there could be a screening process that could identify the genetic deficiency earlier. The results could provide with a sense of relief or inform people about their deficiencies (Bates, 1993). This could help them decide if they need to work hard to improve their language skills and grammar and if they are already good...
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Genetic therapy is the use of the delivery of nucleic acid regeneration cells to a patient's somatic cells to prevent or treat the disease. In the last few years, much research has been done worldwide in the field of genetic cancer treatment. In the current situation, there are many types of cancer treatments like viral replication, tumor suppression, tumor immunogenicity, suicidal gene therapy, etc. Cancer is a disease caused by mutations in cells that remain unprotected and lead to cell...
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A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation or change in an individual’s DNA. Sometimes a whole or part of a gene is defective or missing from birth or can mutate later in life, which can disrupt how proteins are made. This affects the body’s systems and causes health problems and diseases, such as sickle cell, SCID, and cancer. Majority of treatment strategies, for genetic disorders, do not alter the underlying genetic mutation, however a few have been...
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In this essay, a case study based on Cystic Fibrosis will be looked at and how successful gene therapy is in curing cystic fibrosis and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages. Introduction: What is Cystic Fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. It causes some glands in the body not to work properly. This condition causes the buildup of sticky mucus in the lungs, and digestive system, but also the pancreas, liver kidney and intestine. It is caused by the presence...
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Introduction Through evolution, bacteria and archaea have developed methods to evade and fend off predatory viruses for their survival. One such method is the CRISPR-Cas system of adaptive immunity. The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic material such as those present in plasmids and phage’s and it provides a form of acquired immunity. CRISPR-Cas systems core defining features are their Cas genes and proteins. The CRISPR-Cas 9 system specifically has been used as...
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Over the years genetic disorders and gene-related illness have been responsible for high mortality rates and reduced quality of life. Genetic disorders can be due to misalignment, missing genes or excess of a gene. Genetic therapy works to replace the defective genes with new ones. Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in which a defective mutant allele is replaced with a functional one. (Medlineplus 2020) Gene...
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DNA profiling is a forensic technique designed to solve crimes using scientific materials and by using multiple scientific methods; I.e extraction. Extracting fingerprints can help you find out who the potential suspect of the crime is/was. A specific pattern called a “profile” is obtained from a person (the potential suspect/victim(s))) or sample of bodily tissue. By doing this it can determine and convey who was present at the crime. Forensicsciencesimplified.org states as technology advances, forensic scientists are able to “analyse”...
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Scientists in the 20th century focused on previous research based on race and whether or not it had any substance today. The term ‘race’ is often rejected by scientists due to its prejudicial and mythical nature. Scientists today often claim that race is a human construct, not a scientific one. They reject scientists who argue that race is true, as they do so based on a sense of false ‘scientific’ evidence. Despite this, some scientists maintain race to be true,...
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The human body is infected by a massive variety of different pathogens new and old every day and so a huge collection of different specific antibodies are needed to fight against them. Once a B cell is activated it is converted into an antibody producing factory, the plasma cell. They contain more cytocolic component (as the cytoplasm is the ribosomal workbench for producing proteins) and less area for the nuclear regions. The consequence of genetic alterations can lead to cancer...
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In an ideal world, we would walk freely knowing we aren't being tracked. However in our reality more and more people get entered to a DNA database everyday. DNA profiling is a technique in which the police compare DNA found at the crime scene to someone else DNA from the database to see if they can get it to match up with someone. The UK were the first country to begin using the forensic DNA 'revolution' The process of DNA...
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In this essay I will discuss the extent to which hereditary factors influence human development, and whether our environment (observations and perceptions) play a role in individualistic growth. I will analyse epigenesis, by discussing the complex interactions between genes and environment Nature refers to the theory that genetic predispositions impact human traits and nurture involves the idea that we are a product of our own environments. The controversial debate of nature vs nurture was first invented by Francis Galton in...
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Is Down syndrome in cats possible? This is one of the common questions animal health professionals are constantly faced with. Though the answer to this question comes in the negative, it is quite true that members of the feline population do posses some down syndrome-like symptoms from quirky physical appearances to unusual behavioral traits For this write-up, we will be looking at the possible genetic mutations in kitties that can engender those down syndrome-like qualities including how to know when...
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INTRODUCTION The study aims at taking a holistic view of the issues, problems, effect, and solutions of Down syndrome in Ireland. In plain English language, Down syndrome is a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities; including short stature and a broad facial profile in humans. Down syndrome is a type of genetic disorder when a baby is being formed, during conception there is an error in cell division. In every individual, there are...
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Our current theory of evolution in basic terms is that all living things come from a common ancestor and that natural selection caused the adaptions that created all the different species on our planet. This is a huge claim- that everything on Earth is somehow connected. But, what evidence is there to support it? Fossils are time capsules for biologists. They are extremely solid (almost rock solid, get it?) evidence of evolution. Fossils consist of parts of deceased organisms that...
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Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material is the cause of the developmental changes and physical features associated with DS (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2018). There are 3 different types of DS; Trisomy 21 accounts for 95% of people who have DS and is a result of three copies of chromosome 21, instead of two. The other two rare types are...
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Imagine having someone treat you different because you have a disorder. Imagine being criticized for understanding and viewing the world differently. Having a genetic disorder can greatly affect someone’s life in both positive and negative ways. According to Kumin and Schoenbrodt (2015), the commonness of Down syndrome is said to be about 8 per 10,000 people in the United States (pg. 330). In the article it states that “Down Syndrome is a genetic condition affecting memory, cognition, sensory and motor...
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