Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a recurring health issue with flu-like symptoms that continues to affect millions of people around the world, transmitted through bodily fluids and sexual contact. Additionally, the virus has the ability to progress into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This sexually transmitted disease (STD) originated from a chimpanzee carrying the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), known to be closely related to HIV, in West Africa in the 1920s. The virus was then crossed to humans as a result...
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HIV/AIDS is a globally infamous pandemic that still continues to spread all around the world, with its substantial effects on public health, social attitude and social disadvantages still evident even in today’s setting. HIV/AIDS does not only influence the physical health of those affected but has also become a historically consistent role in the perpetuation of systematic social inequalities, such as the marginalisation of minorities and those of lower socio-economic status, both on a micro and macro scale. This essay...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in 1981 among gay men in Los Angeles. HIV caused a severe infection that weakened their immune system. It was the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic (MHAF, 2019), which later in 2010 became the fifth leading cause of disability in all ages (Zulfiqar, 2017). Although these were the first incidents to be reported, many people have fallen victims of HIV and many have died before 1981. Although effective diagnosis, treatment...
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HIV/AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The HI virus is most commonly passed from one individual to another through unprotected sexual intercourse in which bodily fluids such as semen are freely exchanged between individuals. However, the virus can be transmitted to a person through any contact of bodily fluids that are infected with the HI virus. This includes, but is not limited to, natural child birth in which the virus can be passed from mother to child and...
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Ethnography has formed the basis for my research and I have been using participant observation (Reeves, 2008). As I explained in the introduction section, the formulation of research was based on certain assumptions about HIV/AIDS and Land which influenced my choice of methods. The decision to select this approach was informed by the nature of the objects of the study, HIV/AIDS and land relations which are embedded within the cultural context therefore I needed explore their meanings through observation, talking...
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More commonly known as AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a lethal disease originating from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). If HIV is left untreated, the infected person’s immune system will become significantly weaker and this will lead to the progression of AIDS, which is classified as the most advanced stage of the HIV infection 5. There are countless speculations surrounding the origin of the human immunodeficiency virus and many believe that the virus was contracted by humans who hunted meat...
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Introduction Diseases that are known to be communicable are infectious diseases that results from growth of pathogenic agents Communicable diseases are those diseases that can be spread from one person to another such as spread through contact, airborne or can be spread through, mosquito bites, droplet, body fluids or blood products. There are several examples of communicable diseases, some require reporting to the appropriate health departments or local agencies. Examples of communicable diseases include HIV, Hepatitis A, B and C,...
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Introduction Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a country faced with an array of diseases with malaria being one of its mascot epidemic as the tropical Climate facilitates external breeding environment for malarial parasites. However, HIV has gained rapid popularity since the first recorded case of an infected patient diagnosed in 1987 (The Virus Spreads, 2014). Human Immunodeficiency Virus or commonly referred to as HIV is a type of virus that weakens the immune system by attacking the CD-4/ T-Helper Cells...
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Introduction The Russian HIV crisis is getting worse, found to have the greatest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Europe and the fastest increasing number of new cases by 10-15% each year (UNAIDS, 2016), Russia’s epidemic is not improving. The consequence of this is HIV/AIDS now rising to the top ten causes of mortality in Russia (IHME, 2017). In this essay, it will be discussed why this high-income country is far more affected by the virus than many...
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When the social status nor the circumstances are no longer coherent, a global pandemic ascends as people continue to scramble off in ignorance. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus or infamously known as “HIV” is a major social implication that everyone must aware of. As noted by the World Health Organization (2017), HIV is a virus known to corrupt the cells of the immune system—deteriorating and impairing their respective functions. As a result of handicaps, HIV may evolve forth into its advance...
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Malawi is one of the poorest nations in the world and one of the 10 countries most affected by AIDS worldwide (USAID 2005). Malawi’s HIV prevalence is ranked 8th highest worldwide (DFID 2005). The adult HIV prevalence in Malawi is estimated to be 14.1% and approximately 70,000 new HIV/AIDS cases are reported each year and there are approximately 110,000 new HIV infections each year (USAID 2005). AIDS is one of the leading causes of death among Malawian adults. In fact,...
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The role of nurses to the global health challenge of HIV and AIDS prevention is to deliver care following the Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) professional code of conduct. It focuses to prioritise people, ensure that people’s health need is recognised, assessed, and provided based on their preferences, goals, and values. Nurses are own a responsibility to recognise, value and celebrate individual cultural differences. They must avoid making an assumption and stereotypes ideals on their thoughts regarding people’s culture, religion and...
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Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), is an HIV prevention policy mostly for gay and bisexual people living in the UK. It involves using ARVs on those that are HIV negative and other comprehensive packages to prevent HIV transmission (Steward Kate, 2016), The importance of the policy is to create awareness and initiate people on the effective of ANT by health professionals to suppress HIV activity in the bodily fluid to prevent the risk of HIV transmission and other STI to one another...
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The following essay will define global health, identity, and examine the global health challenge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquire Immunodeficiency Syndrome in South African (S/A) and the impact globally. Furthermore, it will analyse relevant health data of total death and the Disability-Adjusted life years (DALYs) due to HIV and AIDS globally, S/A and the United Kingdom (UK). Moreover, the present outstanding global policies and initiatives established to address HIV and AIDS within the two countries will be discussed...
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Introduction As a woman of black African decent, I am sometimes overwhelmed with disbelief about the negative perception of others towards other black African women in terms of HIV and AIDS. Some incidents such as a routine visit to the hospital in Belgium for a thigh rush led to a test for HIV/AIDS. On a recent visit to hospital in England for a routine headache with tummy pains I was surprised the first question I was asked was if I...
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Introduction Sexually transmitted illnesses (STDs) are infections that spread person to person through intimate contact, STDs have an effect on everyone even babies, teenagers, healthy people, prosperous or the poor. According to WebMD (2019), it produces bacteria, parasites and viruses that have an effect on everyone, it causes many health problems but it can be more extreme for women. Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), in particular that is a kind of STD, alters the immune system, increasing the risk of other...
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Introduction Transmittable sicknesses include ailment exuding from the microscopic organisms or infections and are spread through contact with the tainted surfaces, blood items, body liquids, bug chomps and even through air. The infrequent compassionate crises cataclysmic event coming about to the relocation of the populace, with unfriendly obstruction of the fundamental framework, over crowdedness, poor access to clean water, nourishment uncertainty, sanitation and inadequacy of the essential wellbeing administrations make the causative specialists and spread of the transferable infections. In...
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Introduction In 1981 the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was firstly identified as a new disease caused by a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It was the cause factor of the most devastating disease that emerged in the last 35 years. HIV-1 also spreads by percutaneous and perinatal routes, or exposure at mucosal surfaces, but primarily via sexual transmission.(Cohen et al., 2011) Since the identification of this virus it infected more than 60 million people and caused about...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) damages cells of the immune system in particular CD4 cells or T cells leading to reduced numbers. This, therefore, lowers the ability to fight off infections and diseases. Over time the immune system becomes weaker and weaker until the final stage of HIV is reached, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The severity of AIDS makes suffers highly susceptible to life-threatening conditions for example cancers. There is currently no cure for HIV and AIDS, however, it can...
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus, when this virus is at its most progressive stage it is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV belongs to the Retroviridae family. The genome of this virus is constituted of a single strand of RNA encapsulated in an HIV Capsid protein that forms the core shell of the virus. Moreover, the virus possesses a lipid bilayer composed of surface proteins and transmembrane proteins. Intracellularly beneath the lipid bilayer there is a matrix...
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INTRODUCTION HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus is one of the worlds most consequential public health challenges. People infected or at risk of being infected with this virus are largely found in low- and middle-income countries. Since the start of the pandemic, over 70 million people have been infected with HIV and about 35 million people have died from it. According to the World Health Organization, 36.9 million people globally were living with HIV in 2017. Of these, 1.8 million were children...
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HIV Human Immunodeficiency virus or better known as HIV has been around for many years. The origin of this disease was traced back all the way to West Africa. Scientist believed that a Chimpanzee carried a version of “HIV” and when humans hunted and came in contact with the infected animal and its blood it mutated to a human version of it and is now known as HIV (the aids institute, 2013). The first case of HIV was reported to...
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Introduction The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is estimated to affect 37.9 million people worldwide, of which 1.7 million are children (World Health Organization, 2018). The virus attacks T lymphocytes, cells used by the immune system to protect the body of foreign invaders. HIV uses these cells as a replication machine, leading to a depletion in T cells, therefore weakening the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections to take over, thus causing autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Bhatti et al., 2016). Although...
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Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a life-threatening, secondary immunodeficiency disease and remains an immune threat to all over the world. HIV/AIDS has emerged as a serious public health emergency in Manipur, Northeast, India. The first HIV positive case in Manipur was reported in 1989 from the blood sample of an intravenous drug user (IDU). Since then Manipur with a population of 3 million has an area of 22.327 km square is reported as the second...
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Human immune-deficiency virus HIV (human immuno-deficiency virus) is a virus which damages a person’s immune system and weakens the ability of a person’s body to be able to fight infections (Haas, 1993). Segregation of HIV positive prisoners was a common practice during the first discovery of the disease, due to added pressure on prison officials to reduce the growing spread of HIV in prisons. The lack of education and understanding of the disease led to segregation and stigma of prisoners...
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Introduction HIV represents human immunodeficiency infection. The infection can prompt AIDS if not treated. Dissimilar to some different infections, the human body can't dispose of HIV totally, even with treatment. So once you get HIV, you have it forever (CDC, 2019). HIV assaults the body's invulnerable framework, explicitly the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the insusceptible framework ward off contaminations. Untreated, HIV lessens the quantity of CD4 cells (T cells) in the body, making the individual bound to get...
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