Introduction The Human Genome Project was the start of an era of exploration into what makes people tick. The Project helped to identify and map all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. The fulfillment of the Human Genome Project allowed researchers to pinpoint what genes were mutated and liable for certain human traits. Gene Therapy developed from this intrinsic curiosity and wonder if humans can achieve perfection. Gene Therapy can be...
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A genome is a segment of DNA that provide the instruction for making specific proteins, which contains the information of a person’s body. A genome information is needed to maintain and build the organism throughout the life. It’s impacts are shown through a person’s hair, eyes, skin, and more. Additionally, the more principle role of the genome is it can influence a person’s risk of developing diseases and responses to medications. The half of the genome comes from a biological...
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Introduction Genome-editing, a recent technological advancement in the field of life sciences & is one of the techniques used to explore the understanding of the biological phenomenon. Besides having different site-directed nucleases for genome editing over a decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) based genome editing approach has become a choice of technique due to its simplicity, ease of access, cost, and flexibility. Cells have several inherent mechanisms for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks...
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Abstract Genome editing has recently emerged as an important tool for biomedical research and provides hope for correcting inherited diseases. New developments in genome editing have allowed scientists to manipulate a specific gene in a variety of species and tissues, including cells grown in vitro, and animal organs. This article describes the basic principles of genome editing, particularly the CRISPR/Cas9 system, as well as the potential application of genome editing tools in the treatment of various human diseases. Introduction Genome...
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The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has made editing DNA so uncomplicated and inexpensive that amateaur scientists and even average people are beginning to dabble in the subject for things like dog breeding and agriculture. However, genome editing actually has the potential to completely transform the modern medical world with new approaches to the creation of treatments that could change lives. The significance of editing the human genome is immense, as this could help treat, and possibly even eradicate diseases that we have...
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Abstract In this paper, we introduce genomics, study of the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. Genomics determines the sequence of molecules that make up DNA of an organism. Here, the genomes play a vital role. Genomes can be encoded as well as decoded. So, here we see how to decode a genome with the machine learning concept. Machine learning, the field which is concerned with the development and application of computer algorithms that improve with experience, provides...
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Introduction Sequencing is the arrangement of nucleotides. It includes different technologies that are used to arrange or know the arrangement of adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. It is used for molecular study of genomes and protiens that are encoded. Information that's obtained by sequencing help us to understand the changes in genome of an organism. Even by sequencing we can understand the effect of phenotypes on genome. DNA sequencing technique is also known as electrophoresis. It separates the pieces of...
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In current research, genome editing has become an essential and a very powerful tool that holds the capacity to tackle extreme biological problems by purposeful alteration of a specific DNA segment in a cell. In late 2018, Jiankui He (JK), a Chinese researcher revealed his experiments to confer resistance against HIV by conducting germline genome editing on human embryos. JK intended to edit CCR5 gene that encodes for a receptor present on WBCs (White Blood Cells) that is essential for...
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Introduction Through evolution, bacteria and archaea have developed methods to evade and fend off predatory viruses for their survival. One such method is the CRISPR-Cas system of adaptive immunity. The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic material such as those present in plasmids and phage’s and it provides a form of acquired immunity. CRISPR-Cas systems core defining features are their Cas genes and proteins. The CRISPR-Cas 9 system specifically has been used as...
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