Modeling Using HEC-HMS for a Watershed

Streamflow is the major resource for management of watershed and hence estimation of rainfall runoff from the hydrological models are very useful nowadays as they provide better result without consuming more time. In the present case, rainfall runoff estimation was done for Hasan Watershed of Malaprabha River basin in Karnataka, India by using the HEC-HMS model along with the help of Arc GIS extension tools ike Arc Hydro and HEC-Geo HMS. For calculating runoff in HEC-HMS model, SCS Curve Number and SCS Unit Hydrograph methods were used. The runoff results obtained after calibration was found to be 2118.6m3/s which is very equal to the observed value 2225.4m3/s and Nash-Sutcliffe value is to be 0.554. Hence, HECHMS model is found useful to estimate the runoff for un-gauged basins. Watershed management is one of the processes for utilizing the natural resources optimally for production with minimum hazard. Where soil, water, and vegetation are the main natural resources for the survival of living organisms on earth. For managing watershed, one of the natural resource called rainfall-runoff a simulation was carried out. A tropical country like India, rainfall is not uniform and also it is non-seasonal over the country hence simulation of rainfall-runoff is necessary to manage watersheds. Where there are no gauges for measuring the runoff, hydrological models are used as these models provide a better result and they do not need much time for computation. In this paper, the main objective is to the simulation of runoff by using the semi-distributed hydrological model like HEC-HMS.

The study area is a Hasan watershed, which lies in Malaprabha sub-basin of Krishna basin. The Malaprabha River of Hasan Watershed originates in Sahyadri Mountains at an altitude of 792.4m at Kanakumbi village near to Jamboti village of Khanapur taluk of Belagavi district. The study area lies in between at a longitude of 74 37 to 75 14(WE) and at a latitude of 15 28 to 16 5 (S-N). The geographical area of the study area is 3988.14km2 and it includes part of Khanapur, Belagavi, Bailhongal, Saundatti, and Ramdurg taluk’s of Belagavi district and some part Badami taluk of Bagalkot district.

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The methodology of the study, describes the collection of various data and their interpretation in the model at different stages. The data required for the study are the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) map, Soil map, Rainfall data were collected. For the extraction of terrain characteristics of the study area Environmental System Research Institute (ESRI) developed Arc Hydro tool is used. For collecting spatial information and conversion of physical characteristics into hydrological parameters and developing input file for HEC-HMS of the study area, US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Hydrologic Engineering Centre (HEC) developed HEC-Geo HMS tool is used. The input file of HEC-HMS developed in the HEC-Geo HMS is opened in HEC-HMS for further process. The HEC-HMS model was developed by the USACE for simulating the runoff generated in the watershed. HECHMS model is used for simulation of runoff for wide range sub-basins and it includes the loss methods, runoff transform methods, and rainfall-runoff simulation. Along with these methods it includes the main components required to run the model they are Basin model component, Meteorological model component, Control specification component, and Input data component.

The input file of HEC-HMS developed in the HEC-Geo HMS is opened in HEC-HMS for further process. The HEC-HMS model was developed by the USACE for simulating the runoff generated in the watershed. HEC-HMS model is used for simulation of runoff for wide range sub-basins and it includes the loss methods, runoff transform methods, and rainfall-runoff simulation. Along with these methods it includes the main components required to run the model they are Basin model component, Meteorological model comment, Control specification component, and Input data component. Digital Elevation Model (DEM): The digital elevation model of 32m resolution for study purpose is downloaded from Bhutan website. The DEM is used for the analysis of drainage by using Arc Hydro tool terrains processing methods like fill sinks, flow direction, flow accumulation, stream definition, stream segmentation, catchment grid delineation, catchment polygon processing, drainage line processing, adjoin catchment processing, and drainage point processing.