Public Service Motivation and Police Public Service Motivation (hereafter: PSM) is crucial to any governmental institution. (Borst & Lako, 2017; Leisink & Steijn, 2009; Schott, Neumann, Baertschi, & Ritz, 2019) According to Perry and Wise (Perry & Wise, 1990), PSM refers to public servants being motivated by their willingness to benefit others rather than their own when performing public services. This would distinguish them from private sector employees. As such, PSM is comprised of three dimensions. First, the rational component...
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The Coens frequently test the morality of their characters in their films to see whether their principles will come before a temptation of the criminal or immoral variety. These temptations are primarily of the monetary variety, however, but also encompass the duality of justice and loyalty to one's companions, friends or family. The consistent presence within this theme is the Coens punishment of the characters who stray away from their morals in the pursuit of these temptations laid in front...
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Morality is subjective to an individual and is not black and white, how one evaluates right and wrong is based off of the teachings and environment they grew up with and the circumstance they are evaluating. At a young age, parents teach their kids what is good and bad, and as they grow up, they keep and develop those moral standards their parents set for them, and those end up becoming their own beliefs. Without consciously thinking about it, people...
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In Flannery O’Connor’s story a family is taking a vacation from Georgia to Florida, but the grandmother wants to go to East Tennessee where she has many connections with old friends. The Grandmother’s argument finally convinces them to go to Tennessee as they are on their way they run into the Misfit and everything spirals out of control from then on. In the story, it may seem obvious who the most moral characters in the story until reading in depth...
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Atheists typically propose a few possibilities: evolution, reason, conscience, and human nature. None of these can be the ultimate source of morality. Let’s start with evolution. It cannot be evolution because any supposed morality that is evolving can change. If it can change for the good or bad, there must be a standard above these changes to judge them as good or bad. For most of human history, powerful societies enslaved weaker societies and prospered. That’s just the way it...
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The use of euthanasia in the healthcare field has remained a highly controversial topic and has been widely debated. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the defnition of euthanasia is “the act of practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a realtively painless way for reasons of mercy” (Euthanasia). Some people believe that euthanasia is morally right because it ends a persons suffering and pain that goes along with a terminal illness. Others believe...
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Introduction Differentiating a human from mere animal existence gives them the benefit of the freedom to do or omit from doing an act, but when a legal duty is imposed on the individual by the State, the individual loose his freedom of choice, automatically consenting with the rules laid down. Evidently, rules and regulations merely facilitate adherence with the acceptable code of conduct and standards followed by society. Therefore, human conduct exists by virtue of multiple factors combined to effect...
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Abstract Why does the law bind people, and which law is binding? The answers that are attempted to this question often lead to discussions on interaction and relation (or lack thereof) of law and morality, and relate to the question of effectiveness of a law. The current paper aims to present these much trodden jurisprudential questions albeit in a novel setting. Focusing on issues of infringement of intellectual property and corruption as two examples, the paper aims to discuss whether...
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India is a vast country depicting wide social, cultural and sexual variations. Indian concept of sexuality has evolved over time and has been immensely influenced by various rulers, kingdoms and religions. Indian sexuality is evident in our attire, behavior, recreation, literature, sculptures, scriptures, religion and sports. It has influenced the way we regard our health, disease and device remedies for the same. Kāmaśāstra is the science of love and sex. The Kamasutra is the oldest extant Hindu textbook of erotic...
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Ethics are fundamental rule, principal and moral value to judge what is right or wrong and good or bad. It is social accepted behaviour pattern to make a rational judgement based on basic framework. To gain social protection, ethical voluntary code of conduct is applied. Ethics are generated in situation where proper coordination between action in different circumstances and emotions is necessary. This essay will elucidate about the viewpoints of Adam smith, who is father of modern economy. Adam smith...
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Abstract This paper explores three published articles on Ethics and Safety of Artificial Intelligence (AI). These three articles present the main problems and challenges in terms of safety and ethics of AI and solutions for some of them. By presenting us with different scenarios these articles are giving us a better idea of what exactly AI is now and what it is going to be in the future we are given the opportunity to improve our awareness on the mentioned....
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The problem with surviving is feeling a responsibility to live a life in a way that is “worthy” for those who passed away in their presence. The novel The Catcher in the Rye demonstrates shows a teenager trying to be true to himself while facing the issues of growing up, his self-destructiveness, and most importantly, accepting the death of his younger brother Allie. Phoebe, Holden Caulfield’s little sister, who serves not only as a guide for the readers when Holden...
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Nobody has the same morals, beliefs, or even opinions. Morality does not have a true right or wrong because of everyone's individuality. Since everyone has their own opinions, they should have the right to voice those opinions; there are several ways of doing so. As a citizen, an individual with my own beliefs, I believe I have the right to not comply with laws if I feel morally obligated to do so. In certain ways it seems as if it’s...
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Laws protect citizens from themselves but it also protects them from any abuse of power at a local or national level. Laws are important aspects of life that guide the governance of many societies. It is supposed to help build society while promoting unity among those that are under it. In some societies, there are some people who willingly do not agree with specific laws such as marijuana legalization because this implies bad conduct, especially for the youth and citizens....
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When I reflect on life from child to adulthood, I reflect on all of the moments this life entails. The good, the bad, the ugly and the gloomy. All in all, I never forget the understandings and teaching from those around me. Constantly employing the perspective of stabilization and morals. “Learn to think before you do”. It is with this thinking that I moved through life. Mistakes were made and I’ve learned to grow from these. Morality is known as...
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Thyestes is considered Seneca's masterpiece and has been described as one amongst the most impactful plays. Thyestes is focused upon a plot encompassed by revenge, indeed mobilizes a fashion the standard connection between tragedy and viciousness, authority and sacrifice. Seneca was renowned as a stoic philosopher, praised for his philosophical works, and for his tragic plays. His writings established one of the most vital constituents of primary material for early Stoicism. His writings were the focal point from the Renaissance...
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Introduction Since the end of World War II, global inequalities have been increasing exponentially. The developing nations have been left behind even as most countries across the world are gearing towards sustainable economies (Habermas, 2018). Due to unequal growth, developing countries are still faced with limited resources to participate proportionately in global economic growth (Dorsey, 2005). There are many issues such as corruption, illiteracy, tribal wars, and trade barriers that still affect the developing countries (Cheru, 2016). The international relations...
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Compassion versus conscience, freedom versus slavery, and morality versus immortality are some of the numerous subjects which spur debate regarding Mark Twain’s novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain’s novel is extremely controversial; however, this is not because of the story plot, but rather because of the language. Despite the novel focusing on Huckleberry Finn and his friend Jim escaping from civilization and slavery, many have taken offense stating that it is immoral because the word “nigger” is used. Although...
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Every second of your life and every decision you make is being influenced by your motivation and your morality. These concepts are very important and very different for every individuals, every society, every organization and every country. Motivation is the need or reason to do something (“Cambridge English Dictionary”, z.d.). Job motivation is needed for an employee to correctly execute their tasks within the organization. Morality are the norms and values for a person. Values are on a more individual...
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Morality is one's ability to make the distinction between right and wrong, good or bad behavior. This is a characteristic that is very important in the majority of people's lives as it can be the difference between keeping a good job and moving up in the world and losing your livelihood due to some questionable choices or words. Former NBA star and hall of famer Charles Barkley once proclaimed that he is 'not a role model' and shouldn't be held...
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The act of reporting discrepancies within a company either internally or externally in defined as whistleblowing. There are two forms of whistleblowing internal and external. When the information is reported within the company it is considered to be internal whistleblowing and external whistleblowing is when it is reported to a source outside the company. Another word that a whistle-blower can be refer to as is an informant, both words will be used interchangeably throughout the essay. Morality can be used...
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To shove a cupcake into the bully’s face or pick the dialogue that shows pity towards him? There are several ways a player can choose to play in narrative-driven games. In this video game genre, the player is the protagonist. The player experiences the world and explores different paths through the protagonist. The player can only go certain branches due to their past choices. The player explores many moral decisions in this genre and enjoys the challenge. Games with the...
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Since grade ten Civics, most Ontarian students are challenged with the moral implications of political choices, and possibly given some direction towards specific political views. It was taught that every vote counts, literally meaning each vote is counted once. In reality, each vote is actually quite insignificant. The final result of the election is determined based on what everyone votes on as a collective. Although one vote does not have any actual weight, the intentions behind it carry deep meaning....
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In this essay I shall look at whether Nietzsche was right that Judeo-Christian morality has its psychological origin in resentment. For Nietzsche, a lot of human action which appears great has indeed been actioned for slavish reasons and rather than imparting an actual increase in power, these actions only serve to promote a perceived sense of increased power (Foot, 2002). From our limitations we are presented with our weaknesses, and these weaknesses can grow into a ressentiment for those who...
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The true function of journalism is to educate the public mind, not to stock it with wanted and unwanted impressions. - M. K. Gandhi Today, when the voguish media scenario horripilate with unheard chaotic - investigative journalism- through all means of fair and foul, the moral turpitudes enumerated by Gandhi for the fourth estate becomes even more relevant and desirous. The steering of market forces in the media has resulted in an irreprehensible scenario in which the 'advertorial' and 'response'...
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“I feel lethal, on the verge of frenzy. I think my mask of sanity is about to slip” Morality and violence will always be a controversial issue designed to shock and aims to make the readers question their own views and feelings on morality. The shocking and extreme nature shown by the violent and psychopathic actions, thoughts and feelings that are portrayed in both American psycho and a Clockwork orange can make readers question there own innate desires possessed by...
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The subjects of morality, ethics and ethical codex have been studied since the times of the Classics and have often been considered as either the same thing, or synonyms (Slavicek, 2013). The word “ethics” has its origins in the works of the early philosophers, starting with Plato’s testament of Socrates’s ethical dilemmas, in which Socrates asks a fundamental question ‘How should one live?’. Ethical behaviour is understood as a behaviour that corresponds with customs of the society one lives in...
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What is morality? According to Mill (a renowned legal philosopher), our moral obligations result from the justified moral code of our society however there are numerous takes on what morality actually means, we have morality as set down by religion; the easiest examples being the ten commandments, morality and religion, however, are not the same; a society might found its collective morality, which refers to addressing widespread harm caused by actions of individuals/groups in society, however, religious practises are sometimes...
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Introduction The aim of doing this essay is examining the following question; why in the Middle East has So Many Conflicts? And Classical realism theory can analyze the conflict that happens in there? And how? Answer this question is important because of understands the cases On the other hand analyzing theory, classical realism theory. My diction of this essay in the primarily analyzing the classical realism theory, However analyzing Some important main assumption in classical realism theory , and stretcher...
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“The Genealogy of Morality” is a book that analyzes the concept of morality and the occurrence of moral value through the genealogical methodology. However, it is not about the origin of moral theory, but about the origin of the moral concept and moral value. In other words, under what conditions will humans have a moral value judgment of good and evil? It aims 1) understanding of the dominant morality of modern Europe, 2) understanding the whole moral code as a...
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