Damages in Earthquake Several types of earthquake damages may occur, and the extent of damage caused will be influenced by the severity of the earthquake, location of site from epicenter, and several other factors. Damage can be minimized by proper design analysis according to the parameters of earthquake engineering. Basics of Earthquake The shaking of the earth, because of the movements of plates beneath the crust of the earth, is called an earthquake. Before we study the damages due to...
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Natural disasters have always been a significant threat to human life and safety due to the uncontrolled and commonly unpreventable features. Despite the scope of dangers and adverse outcomes associated with various natural disasters, earthquakes might be claimed to be the most dangerous to societies and people. Due to high economic costs associated with rescuing efforts and living after the earthquake, this disaster is perceived as the most severe. Numerous instances of extreme earthquakes in humanity’s history indicate the scope...
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A sudden release of energy into the outermost shell of the earth that creates waves of energy that results in shaking of earth's surface is called an earthquake or tremor. Earthquake prediction is a branch of seismology science concerned with defining the date, location, and magnitude of potential earthquakes within specified limits, and in particular determining the conditions for the next strong earthquake to occur in a area. Predictions are considered meaningful if progress can be demonstrated beyond random chance....
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Introduction There are a few natural processes that can be as scary as an earthquake. A human can brace for typhoons by staying indoors. A well-constructed house can withstand normal typhoons. Flooding can be defeated by planning and create mechanisms that will limit the rapid collection of water in cities and other populated areas. Forest fires can be overcome with a well-trained crew of firefighters. But the best system in the world and the best organization on the planet could...
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Introduction An earthquake is a tremor in the earth’s crust that results in seismic waves as a result of the sudden energy realized from the bowels of the earth. Earthquakes are most likely to occur in regions where the earth’s crust is experiencing any form of strain. The areas which are normally prone to earthquakes are normally the Faulty areas and also along the boundaries. Earthquakes that occur in the faulty areas can result from normal faults, reverse or strike...
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According to my earlier point, Mostly drought is caused by climate change. Due to greenhouse gas emissions trap heat, causing global temperatures to increase. Moisture will be absorbed by hot air, resulting in less rainfalls. Reducing water in lake or river is occurred by evaporation in the hotter air. The consequence is reduced rainfall that makes the plants die. Normally plants retain moisture in the soil, if they die, it will lead to even drier conditions. According to NOAA, National...
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On the 12th of January 2010 at precisely 4:53 pm, a massive 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Léogâne which led to colossal impacts that would forever scar Haiti. An earthquake so destructive and lethal that it is classified as 5th deadliest natural disaster in the world! If you can’t picture how dangerous this was, the Hiroshima Atomic bomb was equal to 13 kilotons of TNT which is the same as a 6-magnitude earthquake. It was Léogâne where the earthquake chose to...
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The three tectonic boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform. A divergent boundary is when two tectonic plates move away from each other. If the plates moving away are oceanic, this may cause sea-floor spreading, which is the creation of new sea floor. As a result of how likely this occurs, continental plates tend to be older. Transform boundaries have the ability to create earthquakes. These are when plates slide past each other. Unlike divergent boundaries, convergent plates move towards each...
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In this essay, I am going to talk about the tsunami that happened in Japan in 2011. This work will provide information about where the disaster occurred, why and what consequences it had. Finally, it will be discussed what conclusions were drawn and how we can now reduce the impact of these types of events. Where Did It Occur? A very destructive earthquake occurred 500 kilometers away from the north-eastern shore of Japan. Sendai, Honshu was 130 kilometers from the...
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California is known for its contrasting weather patterns. These distinct patterns are often caused by climate change that has affected California's water for decades. California has a large amount of oceans, streams, rivers, and lakes which have played a big role on the natural landscape as well as overall climate. According to our textbook, in chapter two of ‘The Natural Setting’, it discusses the shortage of water as well as drought history in California and what impact that has had...
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Natural disasters have always been one of mankind’s major fears and fascinations, due to their associated human and economic losses. Natural disasters such as the Kobe Earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, the Indian Ocean Tsunami, the Haitian Earthquake, and the Japanese Tsunami have been able to grab the attention of man towards the act of examining the impact and consequences of these events, as they have instilled fear in him that such large-scale devastating events are becoming more frequent and severe. The...
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People have benefits of living in Florida. They can go to Disney, Sea World, or Busch Gardens. But there is one downside, they have to deal with hurricanes. There are many hurricanes that have hit Florida. Like hurricane Irma, Andrew, Dory and many others. For example, Irma had a huge impact on South Florida. They destroyed people's lives. Hurricanes have devastated the ecosystem. When Hurricane Irma hit Florida, it was a Category 5 with steady 185 mph winds and gusts...
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Introduction: What are hurricanes? “A tropical cyclone is a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone, originating over tropical or subtropical waters, with organized deep convection and a closed surface with circulation about a well-defined center.” (“Hurricane Science” 2010-2015) They usually appear in places with low pressure that have strong winds and heavy rains. A typical hurricane speed is over 110km/h. Its usual width is between 160 km to 500 km and its height is 10 miles. The middle of the hurricane is...
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On the 29th of August 2005, Hurricane Katrina, a category 5 hurricane hit New Orleans, Louisiana. With its location and altitude New Orleans is especially vulnerable to Tropical storms. But was the response to the storm optimal? One of the good points of the response to this hurricane is that the population of New Orleans were informed before the hurricane hit of the importance of leaving the city. A full day before the storm hit the residents of New Orleans...
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Caitria and Morgan O’Neill are two sisters who come from the city of Monson. Their hometown was hit by a tornado, and they felt the urge to offer their help to the townsfolk. They realized that when a disaster occurs more so naturally, there is only a limited period of time for help to be offered from global organizations, before other people need the same help too thus, it is very important for people to get themselves ready for recovery...
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The essay talks of the 1900 Hurricane that rocked the city of Galveston on September 8. The City of Galveston on the U.S map is located on the Western part of the South-Central part of the United States. The speed of the wind had estimates of 135 miles per hour (217 km/h) on its landfall placing its mark as a category 4 storm as defined by measurements on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The effects that accompanied the storm were severe...
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Introduction The coast of the United States in general and Texas in particular experiences tropical storms on a regular basis. Hurricanes hit the Texas coastline, often causing property damage on different scales and, sometimes, fatal casualties. However, some of the hurricanes in the history of the Lone Star state mandate special attention due to the unprecedented magnitude of destruction and death they brought. If one searches for the worst hurricane to hit the United States, one should look no further...
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Introduction Hazards and natural disasters have until recently caused uncountable losses to property and life, with some calamities giving losses in hundreds of billions of dollars. An example is the most damaging flood in United States’ history, known as the 2005 Great New Orleans Flood or the Katrina. It is estimated that the damages incurred in 2005, by insurance industries, rose to hundreds of billions in United States Dollars. Among the Insurances that gave these figures, include Risk Management solutions,...
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This article is how after Hurricane Sandy had hit the east coast; it had left many people without the usual celebration of Halloween. The regular tradition had been rescheduled to November 7th, the day after Election Day. In New Jersey Governor Christie had postponed the celebration until the following Monday. Not only did this impact the kid’s tradition to go door to door to collect candy. It had “called off” the Halloween parody, which had been the first time in...
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El Nino is a meteorological phenomenon on the coast of Latin America. Yet when it turns to harsh, then it has effects throughout the Pacific Ocean and its related areas. It is needless to say that El Nino also affects Southern California. In this report, this information will be provided in order for people to easily understand El Nino: history of El Nino, El Nino’s process, its impact on Southern California, and the U.S. public system against El Nino. Old...
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Throughout history, the United States has had many catastrophic and costly natural disasters, some of which have caused billions of dollars in damage, and the number of dangerous phenomena is only increasing. Hurricanes are one of the most potent forces of the elements, which cause significant destruction, great damage to economic facilities, and lead human casualties. To prevent the frequent occurrence of this weather phenomenon, it is necessary to understand the process of its occurrence and how human actions affect...
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Abstract Management and preparedness of an emergency is essential in mitigation of possible effects of natural disasters. In aquatic regions, hazard reduction depends on assessment of geographic and natural factors. Even though risk prevention and resilience are connected they are not similar since the former is a pre-disaster strategy that helps accomplish the latter. Resilience increases the capability of accommodating changes in a community. Modern emergency management has taken a multidimensional approach in reducing vulnerability to risks, eliminating the effects...
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What is La Nina? La Nina originates from Spanish with the meaning ‘small girl’ refer to a phenomenon that describes cooler than normal ocean surface temperatures in the Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean; regions close to the equator off the west coast of South America. La Nina is considered to be opposite or counterpart to El Nino. It is one part of the larger and naturally occurring ocean-atmosphere phenomenon known as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation or ENSO cycle. ENSO is...
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It all started with a low-pressure wave in the tropical part of the North Atlantic on October 19. However, it quickly strengthened as it moved northward and grew into a tropical depression near Nicaragua in the Caribbean Sea (Gibbens, 2019). On October 24, 80 mile-per-hour winds caused landfall in Jamaica. The next day, they rose to 110 miles per hour, passing over Cuba (Rafferty, 2021). Traveling northward, Sandy lowered its intensity near the Bahamas. Yet, it grew into a hurricane...
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Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. It happens when excessive water is collected in any area. It usually happens due to heavy rainfall. India is highly prone to flood. There are many regions in the country that face this natural disaster because of the overflowing of rivers. Moreover, it also happens because of the melting of snow. Another reason for floods is when the dam breaks down. If we look at the coastal areas, the hurricanes and...
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This assay is based on El Nino as a frequent event, the impacts El Nino attributes on South African economy, food security, farm practices and labour relations. It also includes what global warming is, its causes and difference between global warming and climate change. Furthermore, discuss why global warming and climate change effects serve on developing countries. According to Accuweather (2019), El-Nino is a routine climate pattern that occurs when the sea surface temperatures in the Tropical Pacific Ocean rise...
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Flood is one of the most frequent, pervasive and devastating natural hazards in the world now-a-days, particularly flooding in urban areas is an inevitable problem for many cities in Asia. In Bangladesh, Dinajpur Sadar has serious problems related to urban flooding. Bangladesh is one of the most flood prone countries in the world, which is situated in south Asian sub-continent. A location map of Bangladesh is given in fig.2.1. Because of its unique geographical location and to1pography, flood of different...
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Hurricane glass candle holders are some of the ancient tools that are still valued highly today. You may have come across them during the festive season shopping sprees. These beautiful antiques at the store are quite catchy to the eye. Nonetheless, how to intermarry them with house aesthetics remains a mystery to most. The adorable hurricane glass candle holders come in different designs suited for different functions and events. Getting the trick right is key. Furthermore, they still come in...
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High Water Humanity perceives water as the substance of life, the most important liquid in the world: after all, it is a part of every human body, and the Earth is called ‘the blue planet’ for a particular reason. In the earliest childhood, we get acquainted with the water as the basic need of any human. Later we discover that it can also fall from heavens, hum in the oceans, splash in the puddles when we walk over them. Some...
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Hurricane Ida was a deadly and destructive Category 4 Atlantic hurricane that became the second-most damaging and intense hurricane to make landfall in the U.S. state of Louisiana on record, behind Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In terms of maximum sustained winds at landfall (150 mph (240 km/h)), Ida tied 2020's Hurricane Laura and the 1856 Last Island hurricane as the strongest on record to hit the state.[1] The remnants of the storm also caused a tornado outbreak and catastrophic flooding...
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