The basic foundation for answering what is considered good would lead to a consequentialist answer that is anything producing a net amount of pleasure or happiness. All people seek happiness so this is the ideal mechanism that determines morality. Utilitarianism is a perspective wherein the fulfillment of the best number of people in the overall population is seen as the best extraordinary. Utilitarianism is universal because everyone wants to seek happiness and is the only thing with intrinsic value. As...
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Introduction Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill demonstrate two contrasting moral theories. The philosophers have very different ideas about ethics and happiness. Immanuel Kant, author of “Duty and Reason”, believed in the morality of goodwill and duty. According to Kant, happiness is an emotion unable to be controlled while motive is controllable; therefore, duty is the most important aspect of leading a moral life. Conversely, John Stuart Mill, who wrote, “The Greatest Happiness Principle”, is well known as a utilitarian,...
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There are many individuals out there with wonderful talents. Some people in this world can move their bodies in unimaginable ways while others have intellectual minds that can solve almost any problem they come face to face with. There are many possibilities out there, in which, people can use their talents to show who they truly are. I like to consider myself to have a couple of talents, but the most important one that stands out is dancing. Dance is...
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One definition of consumerism is the obsession with acquiring more and more things. For most of us, consumerism or the practice of acquiring things is just a part of life, just trying to 'keep up with the Joneses,' so to speak. After all, why shouldn't we have the things we want in the amounts that we want them? Also from an economic standpoint, many believe that consumerism is a good thing. Those who are in favor of consumerism believe the...
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In light of the recent uproar over the concept of business ethics, corporations often find themselves faced with the tricky task of balancing business interests and the expectation to meet ethical standards. In this paper, we will look at business ethics and decision-making. I will particularly consider two approaches to business ethics analyse the case study about both approaches and then motivate for my preferred approach. The two approaches to business ethics that I will look at are Utilitarianism and...
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Kant and Hegel are well known for their contributions to the field of philosophy and history. Their views and ideas have led to different ways of viewing and understanding concepts of history. Their theories of history provide more insight into things such as absolute freedom, self-consciousness, enlightenment and morals in society. Some of their views on these concepts represent similarities in thought or direction of one’s thoughts. However, their ideas and views on these concepts also show differences that exist...
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The movie 'Gone Baby Gone' revolves around the abduction of four-year-old Amanda McCready. The plot was made more interesting by each character in the story who had their take on each situation given their moral compasses. The complexity of each situation exemplified the grey areas of reality. Moreover, it must be recognized if they fit the criteria for the responsibility of their human acts. Each personality has its motive, act, and consequence. Regarding the responsibility of the person, three circumstances...
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Is it acceptable to end a human being’s life who is in a critical state that is suffering through excruciating pain and suffering? In this essay, we will discuss how the philosophical principle of utilitarianism is applied to the complicated issue of euthanasia and the unique moral beliefs that come with different types of euthanasia. I’m also going to discuss passive and active euthanasia from a utilitarian point of view as well as a unitarian perspective on non-voluntary and voluntary...
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In business ethics, moral guidelines are used to help people make the right decisions in organizations and utilitarianism ultimately provides the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people and these rules help that to be followed through. Utilitarianism provides the best approach as we know that utilitarianism is a teleological theory and looks at whether the ends justify the means and provide the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people. For example, if this...
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In 2001, Portugal became the first country to decriminalize the consumption of all drugs. The result was a decline in the proportion of drug-related offenders in the Portuguese prison population (Murkin, 2014). This led many to question if drug laws — and not the drugs themselves — cause the most damage to society. Proponents of this argue based on utilitarianism and Mill’s (1849) harm principle. On the other hand, arguments for criminalizing the consumption of drugs include legal paternalism and...
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Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time (2003) offers a sense of mystery and suspense to the readers as they journey with Christopher throughout his town to find the culprit for the murder incident so that he can write his novel. Christopher mentions Prime Numbers, The Monty Hall Problem, and The Case of the Cottingley Fairies in his novel, demonstrating how important these topics are to him. These three topics are important to Christopher as they...
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Europe had once been covered by dark clouds of bloodshed, hostility, and conflict but many Enlightened thinkers and leaders struggled through many troubles for the cause of human life; upon the enlightenment, multiple philosophers and leaders emerged to create a new era where human life was treasured, new ideas were heard, and ways of life were improved upon for all. Human life in all aspects would have not been improved upon without the struggle Enlightenment figures such as John Locke...
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In this essay, I would like to discuss Rousseau’s approach to childhood and how his work impacted society. The themes of innocent states and fears of corruption are repeating themes that appear within Rousseau’s work. I would like to highlight the main points he emphasizes throughout his texts, particularly in his treatise on education called Emile (1762), also known as On Education, which supplies a more holistic approach, for the time, on childhood and education. In addition to this, the...
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Introduction This paper researches the habits by which John Locke stated progressivism and refashioned its image. It has been discovered that the speculations given by Locke suggest the present current world in all the classes of the general public and are refreshed. John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704) was a British logician, Oxford scholastic and restorative scientist. Locke's stupendous Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) is one of the main incredible protections of present-day experimentation and worries about deciding the points...
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If a tree falls in the forest and there is no one around to hear it, does it make a sound? In order to answer this question, we must first understand John Locke and his view on epistemology in order to get a clear meaning of this philosophical puzzle. First, what is epistemology? Epistemology is one of the four main branches of philosophy along with metaphysics, logic, and ethics. It is the philosophical study of the nature, origin, and limits...
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John Locke was an enlightened thinker from England born in Wrington, Somerset 1632 to family of Puritans (a father who even fought on the side of the parliamentarians during the English Civil War). Labeled as a contract theorist which the study of how conflicting interests build formal and informal ways of working constructively, Locke was known as the “father of liberalism” through his writing of the Second Treatise of Government which although written around 1680 was only published in 1689....
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The novel “Of Mice and Men ” by John Steinbeck tells the tale of two men, George and Lennie, who are opposite, but they travel together, unlike other migrant workers. When settling into a ranch near the Salinas River, they find themselves among many lonely characters, one being Curley’s wife. The two men discover that the pleasure of companionship is not to be taken granted for and is truly a pleasure. Steinbeck teaches us that one cannot fully understand happiness...
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Although capitalism has been the dominant form of economic system globally in the past 50 years, its success in allowing individuals to self-thrive has been constantly criticized (Meltzer, 2012). Karl Marx’s Volumes I, II, and III of Das Kapital, published in 1867, 1885, and 1894, respectively, famously theorizes the collapse and self-destruction of capitalism. Capital, known as being “a bible of Communism”, gave rise to what is considered modern economics, and underlines issues regarding the absence of equality and productivity...
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Liberalism is comprised of eight core principles that define its outlook on everything from the role of the individual in society to social justice and the part the state plays in tolerance and equality (Goodwin, 2014). The father of liberalism is often seen to be John Locke, a political thinker who emphasized the idea of a social contract wherein all humans should not harm each other, or in his own words, 'that being all equal and independent, no one ought...
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In Albert Camus’s “The Stranger”, the absurdity of life from Camus’s eyes is put on display through the main character Meursault. The sense that the meaning of life is in human experiences and that things shouldn’t be questioned is the basis of who Meursault truly is as a person. These personality traits reveal that Meursault is a perfect example of an existentialist. From Meursault’s strictly physical way of describing the events he comes into contact with, to his lack of...
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Introduction Arthur Miller's play 'Death of a Salesman' explores the tragic downfall of Willy Loman, a middle-aged salesman who is consumed by his pursuit of the American Dream. Through a critical analysis of the play, we can examine the themes of disillusionment, the destructive nature of capitalism, and the impact of societal expectations on the individual. Disillusionment and the American Dream One of the central themes in 'Death of a Salesman' is the concept of disillusionment. Willy Loman's relentless pursuit...
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Introduction Lying is a complex and controversial aspect of human behavior that has intrigued philosophers, psychologists, and society as a whole. It is an act that involves intentionally deceiving others by distorting or concealing the truth. While lying is generally frowned upon and considered unethical, it is a pervasive phenomenon that raises important questions about morality, social dynamics, and personal relationships. This essay critically examines the truth behind lying, exploring its motivations, consequences, and ethical implications. The Motivations for Lying...
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In a world where economic disparities continue to widen, the question of whether it is unethical to be extremely rich has become a topic of intense debate. While wealth accumulation is often viewed as a mark of success and accomplishment, the concentration of extreme wealth in the hands of a few raises ethical concerns. This essay aims to explore the ethical implications of extreme wealth and present a persuasive argument on why it is indeed unethical to be extremely rich....
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Introduction Absolutism and democracy represent two distinct forms of governance that have shaped the course of history in different eras. Absolutism is characterized by centralized power in the hands of a single ruler, while democracy emphasizes the participation and representation of the people in decision-making. This essay aims to compare and contrast the key features, strengths, and weaknesses of absolutism and democracy, shedding light on their implications for individual rights, governance, and societal progress. Thesis Statement While absolutism concentrates power...
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Introduction In today's fast-paced and technology-driven world, it is easy to become disconnected from the natural environment that surrounds us. However, the importance of connecting with nature cannot be understated. In this persuasive essay, we will explore the numerous benefits of forging a deep and meaningful connection with the natural world. From enhancing our physical and mental well-being to fostering a sense of stewardship for the planet, connecting with nature is crucial for both individual and collective flourishing. Body Physical...
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Government, in the broadest sense, is a mechanism through which ordered rule is maintained, its central features being the ability to make collective decisions and the capacity to enforce them. It refers to formal and institutional processes by which rule is exercised at community, national, and international levels. It exists whenever and wherever ordered rules occur. People in every part of the world recognized the concept of government. Most people accept without any question that government is necessary, assuming that...
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Personal privacy and individualism among humans are what make unique individuals who all contribute something different to society. Microcosm criticism focuses on the internal society created in the novel and ignores the time and place in which it was written. It focuses heavily on unacknowledged societal structures in our society. Usually, it has an underlying connection to the society at the time the novel is written. The novel ‘1984’ by George Orwell gives interesting examples of what can happen without...
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The force that causes and controls all events, so that you cannot change or control how events unfold, is called fate. Along with the various themes presented in ‘Beowulf’, the theme of fate is one of the key ones, and it can be traced primarily concerning death and its perception by the characters of the poem. The characters in ‘Beowulf’ fully accept death as an inevitable fate, and as a result, they are rather indifferent or fearless towards death. Even...
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People often struggle for change because humans are drawn to search and find better things and possibilities. People are always searching for advantages and reasons to have a better life. There are two types of people: those who don’t leave their comfort zone, and those who always try to find a new way of getting better at what they do. People give up when the situation is difficult, but also often they fight for what they think and deserve. I...
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Transcendentalists like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau brought to light the divinity of nature and humanity as the main point of it all was to the inherent goodness of people and nature. They believed that people work at their best when they are self-reliant because they can express independence and create themselves instead of following the conformity of society. In all, Transcendentalism has become a form of intuition with oneself, it has allowed people to have their sense...
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