In this essay, I will be exploring Satz’s egalitarian argument for why we should limit markets in female reproductive labour. I will argue that Satz’s thesis is compelling, with regards to the assertion that contract pregnancy promotes the control of women’s bodies and behaviour. I will also argue that contract pregnancy exploits certain women with intersecting identities, specifically within the sphere of international surrogacy arrangements. Although I agree with Satz’s argument that contract pregnancy is counter to women’s liberation, I...
4 Pages
1647 Words
Human trafficking is something that should be on everyone's radar. You, your friend or ever a family member could be subjected to this horrendous crime. In a 2019 report, the United Nations Office on Drugs on Crime issued a report on human trafficking with more specifically how quickly the rate of it is increasing (UNODC 2019). As reported by the UNODC, data was obtained from 155 counties stating that “ 79% of human trafficking is formed around sex trafficking,' and...
3 Pages
1271 Words
Motherhood is a joy cherished through natural conception and in case of infertility accomplished by substituted reproduction called as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). One such ART technique in begetting a genetic child is through Surrogacy[footnoteRef:2]. Though in India, infertility rate is increasing at an alarming speed, the Country as a matter of Public Policy has taken a rigid approach in banning Commercial Surrogacy and allowing only Altruistic form of Surrogacy. Global Scientific advancement in the reproductive sector coupled by Machine...
3 Pages
1467 Words
Many societies throughout our history traded money, goods , or services for sex.This isn't anything different today. Sex is seen whether it is in movies, music, television shows, and social media.The me too movement shows how many women and children were sexually abused by many celebrities and were not given justice. Often, these victims are not taking seriously and people getting accused get away with little to no jail time but this isn't new. Today 21 million men, women, and...
3 Pages
1332 Words
The idea of progress can be defined as an improvement, a development or a change, a technical, scientific or social advance which contributes to making the world a better place. In today’s world, progress is developing at a very fast rate. We see scientific progress medical advances, cures for illness, cloning, enhancement of drugs, genetically modified organisms. We also perceive technological progress: hybrid cars, wind turbines, solar panels, biofuel, nuclear power, advances in the internet, the social media, mobile phones,...
4 Pages
1655 Words
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What is mumps? Among many viral infections’ mumps can cause many types of conditions. It is mainly affecting Parotid glands. Earlier children were the target of this contagious diseases. But after the introduction of MMR vaccine this condition had been controlled. When the children are attacked by the mumps virus they are getting a swollen area just below the ears at the side of their faces. It can be really painful. This face with swollen sides are called hamster faces....
4 Pages
1993 Words
Surrogacy is an intrinsic, complex subject that encompasses many issues - the lack of enforcement in domestic arrangements, illegal arrangements, human trafficking and exploitation, and the legal consequences of leaving children stateless or without guardians. The Australian surrogacy system does not effectively protect the interests of Australian stakeholders nor provide the opportunity for safe surrogacy arrangements. Due to the lack of regulation and legislative protection for enforcement surrounding surrogacy, and Australia’s complex adoption system, Australians are turning to international surrogacy...
4 Pages
2017 Words
Surrogacy literally means substitute or ‘taking the place of someone else'. In the case of a surrogate mother, she carries a fetus and bears a child on behalf of another person or couple, having agreed to surrender that child to them at birth or shortly afterward. The act of one woman bearing a child for another is almost as old as childbirth itself, and it was mentioned in the bible. However, in the 1980s surrogacy became one of the most...
4 Pages
2023 Words
Introduction Advisory opinions in the world over, have been appreciated and acknowledged as an important source of law[footnoteRef:1], especially in the verge of jurisprudential development. Legal practitioners, diplomats and policy makers in Europe and beyond are agreeable to the fact that the precedents emanating from the European Court of Human rights has contributed positively towards the development of not only the human rights regime in Europe but also the practice of public international law[footnoteRef:2]. [1: Hambro, E. (1954). The authority...
8 Pages
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Andersons argument for the wrongness of commercial surrogacy rests largely upon the idea that through surrogacy, both the women’s labor and the child the labor produces, are treated as a commodity, which devalues both said things (Anderson,1990). She presents the Kantian thesis against the ‘commodification of persons’ to support this stating ‘to fail to value things appropriately is to embody in one's life an inferior conception of human flourishing’ (Anderson, p73, 1990). Further arguing that if a transaction occurs which...
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557 Words
Prostitution has been described as the oldest profession in the world (Phukaew, 2018; Simmons & McCarron, 2008). However, toward the global lens particularly in Thailand, it is not seen this career as a respectful “profession” as other occupations. This essay is going to discuss some perspectives of the job on how discrimination has occurred, how it functions with the lower middle class - which is the main focus of this article, and how it could be solved as well as...
5 Pages
2180 Words
As advances in artificial reproductive techniques progress, a myriad of possibilities become available for individuals around the world. As possibilities arise, many nuances arise as well, raising several ethical and moral concerns regarding such practices, gestational surrogacy being an eminent one. Recent statistics reveal that one in ten first world couples have difficulty conceiving naturally, and are now actively resorting to other methods of conception. The practice of surrogacy services an integral role for couples wanting genetically related offspring, as...
1 Page
567 Words
Understanding Human Trafficking: A Modern-Day Slavery “Slavery is not a horror safely confined to the past; it continues to exist throughout the world, even in developed countries... Across the world, slaves work and build and suffer.” (Kevin Bales). Human trafficking is a multi-billion production that kidnaps victims and forces them to do services against his or her will for benefits or profit. According to Mclaughlin, “The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and...
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In today's society, family and relatedness come in many different forms. The family unit has become much more complex due to a range of factors. One factor being new reproductive technologies. New reproductive technologies have been introduced in order to facilitate, prevent or otherwise intervene the process of reproduction. These technologies are used in human and animal reproduction, including artificial insemination, cloning, contraception and IVF. The traditional family has always been considered as being physically related through biological ties such...
4 Pages
1856 Words
Abstract How and why does Child Trafficking affects the US? Child Trafficking is defined as the transportation, transfer and harboring, of a child for the purpose of slavery and forced labor and also for the purpose of adoption. In this paper I am going to explain why Child Trafficking is a really big issue in the US, how it affects the population of the country and in detail by states, how this trafficking is executed, statistics, where are the “hot...
6 Pages
2477 Words
Abstract There is a natural requirement for people to have children and it is profoundly impacted by social and strict estimations of each society (Mohammadpur & Ghodrati, 2018). Religious and cultural values which are unique to every community, play major roles. Having children prompts an ascent to societal position, marital security, social and financial assurance and it also facilitates to receive care at old age (Mohammadpur & Ghodrati, 2018). In most cultures, parenthood is an utmost important part of every...
5 Pages
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Introduction Having children is one of the biggest goals of everyone no matter in what country as having children can expand the family tree. However, not everyone can have their own children. So, Surrogacy becomes a controversial way to help the couples and individuals who are not able to give birth, to have their children. Surrogacy violates the morality and meaning of giving birth. Therefore, I object the concept of surrogacy and that should not be existed in the world....
3 Pages
1376 Words
A woman has the right to do what she wants with her body and her life without other individuals passing judgment on everything she might do. Abortion is an action that all women ought to have the option to perform in the event that she thinks it is fundamental without being detested for it. Abortion is a major issue in many parts of the world. Different people have different views and opinions on this topic based on different factors, such...
4 Pages
1917 Words
What if one day a stranger came into your life and offered you a better lifestyle, a promise, that you believed but instead, it is just a trick to enslave you into human trafficking? Human trafficking is when a person is abducted and most likely used for forced labor; the most common being sex slavery/prostitution. Crimes like organ trafficking, young marriage, and children subjected to sex labor happen almost daily in Egypt. Egypt’s consequences on human trafficking are light and...
3 Pages
1173 Words
The hotel or lodging industry is filled with a wide variety of options and accommodations for its customers to choose from. Any budget and any traveler can be accommodated, from 5-star hotels to no star motels. With so many hotel options, customers and a steady revenue stream, I am wondering if the hotel industry is taking all of the necessary steps to combat human trafficking. Are these properties utilizing all of the resources to combat this serious issue happening right...
3 Pages
1463 Words
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In the current world, a female who is not capable of bearing a child can have one through surrogacy. In this, a fertile woman carries a baby and gives birth on behalf of the one who does not have the capability of conceiving. Many legal issues are encompassed during surrogacy; hence individuals intending to proceed with the option are recommended to seek legal advice. Studies have confirmed surrogacy to be an effective method of conception. However, it is necessary to...
1 Page
415 Words
The American Pregnancy Association points out, “Infertility is a condition that affects approximately 1 out of every 6 couples” (“Female Infertility”, 2019). Infertility is a global public health issue that silently affects more people that the average person assumes. Because this issue is not openly talked about, many people are unaware about the topic and it becomes stigmatized. In this paper, the pathophysiology, population affected, current ideas treatment measures, nursing care, other possible consideration regarding this health topic, and any...
3 Pages
1562 Words
Health and social care in the UK are the source used to find help and support for our wellbeing. It relates to the healthcare provision infrastructure. Health care are a massive subject. However, it mainly focuses on the basics of our needs if hurt or unwell, agencies such as doctors, nurses and paramedics. Social care is more mental health and wellbeing, agencies such as councillors. This essay will discuss how health and social care can help same sex relationships wanting...
4 Pages
1994 Words
Infertility is defined most simply as the inability to conceive naturally after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse without contraceptives (Luk & Loke, 2015, p. 610). Having children and starting a family is a conventional staple in society and what infertility represents is an inability to do so. It affects approximately 1 of every 6 childbearing-age couples (Sherrod, 2004, p. 42). The consequences of infertility are manifold and can affect individuals psychologically, socially, and economically (Cousineau & Domar, 2007, p....
3 Pages
1495 Words
Abstract Infertility is a highly prevalent topic that is continuously researched because of the powerful desire to have children worldwide yet numerous problems associated with conceiving one. World Health Organization (WHO) refers to it as a “disease of the reproductive system”. Problems with fertility are seen to be as common with men as it is with women. As more people are postponing their first pregnancy, there is a higher likelihood of limitations in fertility. Genetic abnormalities, environmental agents and behavioral...
5 Pages
2449 Words
In 2004, the Canadian government passed the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act) that was designed to “prevent the commercialization of surrogacy and sperm and ova donation” in Canada (Health Canada, 2019). The AHR Act states that “no person shall pay consideration to a female person to be a surrogate mother, offer to pay such consideration or advertise that it will be paid” (Government of Canada, 2019). Despite the strict prohibition on surrogacy, Health Canada acknowledges that reproductive donors and...
4 Pages
1997 Words
In recent times, the human race began to battle a question that was once very easy to answer. When exactly does life come to an end? Earlier in the 19th Century, the reply to the question was very obviously and frequently when the heart stops but when technological advancements could allow the heartbeat even after the brain had died or stopped working, it became unclear whether death still occurred when the heart stopped beating or when the brain stopped working....
7 Pages
3092 Words
Abstract This article majorly looks at three different works concerning women’s health and the taboos related to it, which includes the maternity services offered by dais in different parts of India and surrogacy. The three works are: Can Maternity Services open up to the Indigenous Traditions of Midwifery by Mira sadgopal, The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 and two Bollywood films, Doosri Dulhan (1983) and Chori Chori Chupke Chupke (2001). Both the films depict sex workers as surrogate mothers and talks...
6 Pages
2586 Words
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency) is a virus that damage cells and our immune system. It also weakens the body ability to be able to fight infections and diseases. HIV can be primarily transmitted through the means of sexual intercourse. HIV is a virus that develops to AIDS if not treated as early as possible, the virus is most commonly passed from person to another person through the means of bodily fluids during sex, it can also be passed on through blood...
3 Pages
1401 Words
SUMMARY Since the introduction of ICSI back 28 years till now ICSI is widely used to treat malefactor as well as female factor infertility. However, studies had shown concern of the pregnancy outcome in ICSI over conventional IVF in couples with non-male factor infertility. Studies had shown an+ altered pregnancy outcome in ICSI compared with natural conception. So far no difference in neurodevelopment in ICSI and spontaneously conceived (SC) children has been found. Additionally, epigenetic disorders and imprinting disorders have...
6 Pages
2782 Words
