The Aspects Of Schizophrenia Disorder

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that affects how an individual feels, thinks, and behaves. It was discovered in the 19th century where psychiatrists began discovering disorders that were unknown. Young children and adults were typically affected and it would often lead to chronic deterioration. Over the years, mental illnesses were referred as, démence précoce, adolescent insanity, and catatonic syndrome. However, Emil Kraeplin, isolated démence précoce from other types of schizophrenia. Kraeplin believed that dementia praecox only happened in young adults and that it would certainly lead to mental deterioration. Psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler, disagreed with both ideas and in an attempt to clarify Emil’s mistakes he changed the name of démence précoce to schizophrenia. Although, Kraeplin assumptions were incorrect, he was still the first person to distinguish schizophrenia from other forms of psychosis. The cause of Schizophrenia is still unknown however, researchers believe it could be a combination of brain chemistry, genetics, and possibly environmental factors that contribute to the development of this disorder. Although, it is still unknown, certain factors can be seen to increase the risk of triggering schizophrenia. If left untreated, individuals can result in extreme problems that can affect their daily life and their way of functioning within society. There are no certain ways to prevent schizophrenia, but many take medication to help prevent symptoms from worsening. In today’s society, Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness with many unknown mysterious.

There are more than one type of schizophrenia the four major types of schizophrenia include Disorganized, Catatonic, Paranoid, and Undifferentiated Schizophrenia. In a disorganized type, schizophrenia is seen by incoherence disorganized behavior, inappropriate emotions and bizarre thinking (Mitterer, 2013). Individuals here come close to what you would call insane as personality disintegration is nearly finished and emotions, behavior, and speech are extremely disorganized. For instance if you told someone with Disorganized Schizophrenia that their mother had passed away they would respond by laughing, clapping, or smiling. Next, in a Catatonic type schizophrenia is marked by unresponsiveness, mutism, and purposeless behavior (Mitterer, 2013). For instance the individual might remain mute while holding a bizarre posture for hours or even days and they might also give way to angry outburst or violent behavior. Another type of schizophrenia is Paranoid and it’s marked by a preoccupation with delusions or by constant auditory hallucinations (Mitterer, 2013). However they may also hallucinate and the delusions they have are more bizarre than those found in delusional disorders. For example someone with paranoid schizophrenia might believe the government, God, or aliens are controlling their minds or that someone is trying to poison them. If they are pushed to their limits they can be forced into violence to protect themselves. Finally undifferentiated type which is just schizophrenia but are prominent psychotic symptoms that don’t fall under the specific features of disorganized, catatonic, and paranoid types (Mitterer, 2013). In other words people can shift from one patter to another and could fall under all three categories. However the special features that you would find in a disorganized, catatonic, and paranoid type aren’t there.

Schizophrenia is a mysterious illness and its exact causes are still unknown. Some individuals may be vulnerable to schizophrenia, and living a stressful life could trigger a psychotic episode. However, Research on schizophrenia over the years suggests that it could be a combination of genetic, psychological, physical, and environmental factors. Schizophrenia tends to run in families however, there is no exact gene that gives you schizophrenia instead scientists believe it could possibly be numerous genes that increase the risk of developing it. According to the National Library of Medicine a deletion or duplication in genetics in any of many chromosomes can increase the risk of getting schizophrenia (National Library of Medicine, 2018). Brain development can also play a part in schizophrenia, specifically a disorder in the brain. A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that carry’s signals across a chemical synapse, when the communication process happens in some who has schizophrenia a problem occurs. Two neuro transmitters called Dopamine plays a huge role in schizophrenia. Evidence indicates that there too much dopamine in certain areas of the brain and this leads to overstimulation which causes the individual to have a hard time with concentration, thought process, feeling, and behavior ( Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, n.d.). Other factors that could lead to schizophrenia include pregnancy and birth compilations, drug abuse, and stress.

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Schizophrenia is a serious uncommon mental disorder, with symptoms that can be extremely damaging. Symptoms vary and fall into four different categories positive psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization symptoms and impaired symptoms. First Positive symptoms may include, hallucinations in which the individual is hearing voices, distorted perceptions, paranoid delusions, behaviors, and beliefs ( American Psychiatric Association, 2017). Their psychotic behaviors are not seen in healthy people. Most of the people affected with schizophrenia have a hard time distinguishing reality from their psychotic reality. Second Negative symptoms which leads to loss or decrease in ability to express their emotions, start plans, find pleasure, and communicate ( American Psychiatric Association, 2017). These are generally associated with disruptions to behaviors, and emotions. Third, disorganized symptoms which are irrational thinking and speech, bizarre behavior, trouble with logical speaking, and abnormal movements ( American Psychiatric Association, 2017). Many times individuals with these symptoms usually respond to questions with unrelated or complicated answers. Finally, impaired cognition which are problems with memory, attention, concentration, and a decline in education performance ( American Psychiatric Association, 2017). These symptoms can be minor or sever depending on the individual affected with the mental illness. Many patients can have a change in memory or thinking. In teenagers, symptoms are similar to those of adults. However it’s relatively difficult to diagnose, because many early symptoms are common among teenagers. Symptoms in children can include withdrawal from friends, lack of motivation, and drop in educational performance, trouble sleeping, and depressed moods (MFMER, 2018). Compared to adult’s teens may be less likely to have delusions, and have more visual hallucinations. If someone is suffering from schizophrenia it is advised they get the help they need as soon as possible because it could lead to suicide, self-harm, anxiety, depression, aggression, abuse of drugs, and other health problems. It’s a major issue because it can affect every aspect of life.

Since, the cause of schizophrenia are still unknown, many mental health treatments focus on keeping their patient stabilized with medication, proper counseling and minimizing psychotic episodes. There are numerous ways schizophrenia can be treated from antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and community based support services. Anti-psychotic drugs are prescription drugs licensed to treat different types of illnesses whose symptoms include psychotic experiences. Anti-psychotic drugs are used to reduce and control many symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, incoherent speech, confusion, and violent or disruptive behavior (Darton, 2016). Next, psychosocial treatment which includes different types of psychotherapy and social training. These treatments help to provide education, support, and guidance to individuals and their families about mental health conditions. CBT or Cognitive behavioral theory, a psychotherapy, targets symptoms that could possibly led to improvements in functioning in their daily lives. It helps individuals learn to be their own therapist by helping to develop coping skills this way they can learn to change their problematic emotions, behaviors, and thinking (American Psychological Association , 2018). Finally schizophrenia can be helped by community based support services, it’s a recovery- oriented program for individuals who have had an early diagnostics of psychosis. In Coordinated specialty care programs specialists work with the individual to create a personalized treatment plan that best fits the patients’ needs and preferences. Coordinated specialty care is comprised of six main parts case management, psychotherapy, medication management, supported education, family support, and peer support. In Case management, individuals learn and develop problem solving skills. In psychotherapy, people learn to manage their condition and better understand it. In medication management individuals find the most effective medication to aid them because not all types of schizophrenia are the same. In supported education people are supported in continuing their daily life such as going back to school or work. In family support individuals can connect with family and acquire the knowledge and skills to support recovery together. Finally peer support to help the individual connect with others who have had similar experiences to help them cope better (National Alliance of Mental Ilnesses, 2016).

Schizophrenia is a serious illness and although it doesn’t affect a whole lot of individuals it can be extremely devastating. Since its causes are unknown it’s hard to pinpoint what exactly is causing this mental illness. Symptoms can also be very damaging in their life and make it hard for them to function within society. The only thing we can do is better learn this illness to better understand why these people act this way. While also supporting them and helping them get the help they need to continue living a normal life.

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2017, Janurary). Retrieved from psychiatry: https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia
2. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. (n.d.). Retrieved from DNA Learning Center: https://www.dnalc.org/view/814-Dopamine-Hypothesis-of-Schizophrenia.html
3. American Psychological Association . (2018). Retrieved from apa: https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-families/cognitive-behavioral.aspx
4. Darton, D. K. (2016). Retrieved from Mind (National Association for Mental Health): https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/drugs-and-treatments/antipsychotics/#.W84LcHtKiUk
5. MFMER. (2018, April 10). Retrieved from mayoclinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354443
6. Mitterer, D. C. (2013). Psychology: A Journey. Cengage Learning.
7. National Alliance of Mental Ilnesses. (2016, July). Retrieved from https://www.nami.org/getattachment/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions/Early-Psychosis-and-Psychosis/NAMI-Early-Psychosis_What-s-Going-On.pdf
8. National Library of Medicine. (2018, October 23). Retrieved from National Library of Medicine.National institute of Health: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/schizophrenia#genes