To promote their fast multiplication and expansion across the body, cancer cells change their metabolism. Cancer cells prefer to utilize aldohexose for aerobic metabolism rather than delivering it through the organic process glycolysis pathway. Glycolysis produces ATP and pyruvate from glucose. The ribose 5-phosphate and NADPH are then generated in the mitochondria or incorporated into the tricarboxylic acid cycle through the pentose phosphate pathway. The Warburg Effect The Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer that refers to the preference...
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Although life has many great and wonderful things in it there are also many terrible things you might have to go through in one’s life. Every day there are 360,000 people born on average and in all of those people, 1 in every 2 women and 1 in every 3 men will develop some form of cancer. These people can develop any of over 100 different types of cancer. Some of the more commonly known types of cancer are breast...
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Cancer is an acute condition where abnormal cells consecutively divide and spread into neighboring tissues, which endangers cell life if the spread is not controlled. According to World Health Organization (WHO) (2010), cancer causes 13% of all deaths in 2004, accounting for 7.4 million deaths which mostly spread across lung (1.3 million deaths/year), stomach (803,000 deaths), colorectal (639,000 deaths), liver (610,000 deaths) and breast (519,000 deaths) cancer. Moreover, WHO predicts deaths caused by cancer will increase up to 11.5 million...
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The thought of the word cancer brings up so many emotions due to its negative connotation. Cancer has created this poor reputation by taking the lives of so many innocent people each day. Cancer is irregular cell growth which is due to the alterations of DNA caused by many lifestyle factors. During 1981 it was estimated that diet was responsible for 35% of cancers in the United States. This essay focuses on the impacts that a vegetarian diet can have...
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Cancer is an illness in which cells in the body develop wild. Cancer growth is constantly named for the piece of the body where it begins, regardless of whether it spreads to other body parts later. At the point when cancer growth begins in the cervix, it is called cervical disease. The cervix interfaces the vagina to the upper piece of the uterus. The uterus is the place a child develops when a lady is pregnant. All ladies are in...
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Melanoma, otherwise known as malignant melanoma is the most dangerous skin cancer that we know of due to its potential to metastasize to other parts of the body including the liver, the lungs, bones and the brain. The most common patient groups are men over the age of 50, and women below the age of 30. The mechanism by which melanoma develops is due to damage to the skin DNA that goes unrepaired, triggering events that lead to rapid proliferation...
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Melanoma is an autosomal dominant disease which means that if you are to inherit it, the person before you would have had to have not one but two copies of the gene. If the melanoma is inherited it is called “familial malignant melanoma. If one of your parents had the two copies then you have a 50-50 chance of getting it. According to cancer.net, “Overall, about 8% of people newly diagnosed with melanoma have a first-degree relative with melanoma.” Also...
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Melanoma Background Melanoma in the early years was described as a benign mole that continued to grow and could be recognized by an irregular shape and discoloration of the mole (Sober et al., 1979). These cancer cells were well known for their ability to spread around the body quickly and avoid the therapeutic treatment, creating a dangerous situation (Li et al., 2001). When detected early, Melanoma could be removed successfully by a surgical procedure, but when metastasized, the cancer cells...
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Introduction The role of the General Practice Nurse (GPN) within the cervical screening programme is evaluated with emphasis on abnormal cytology result. Cervical sample taking started in the 1960s however it was not until 1988 that a national screening programme was introduced in Scotland, with the aim of reducing the rates of cervical cancer. Since it’s introduction there has been an incidence drop of around 24% in the rates of cervical cancer (Cancer Research UK, 2018). Cervical screening does not...
5 Pages
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Introduction Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly lethal malignancy and consider the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The majority of patients, approximately 80%, are diagnosed at an advanced and incurable stage, advanced local (III) or metastatic (IV), of disease, and only around 20% of cancers are suitable for surgical resection. The prognosis for PC is extremely poor, with only 7% five-year survival rate. Few chemotherapy treatments have been shown to slightly improve survival for advanced pancreatic cancer patients,...
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Cervical cancer represents the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and eighth most commonly occurring cancer overall. There were 5,69,847 new cases and 3,11,365 deaths reported worldwide due to cervical cancer. In India cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women. India has the highest incidence rate of cervical cancer as 22 per 1,00,000 women per year. Every year in India, 1,22,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 67,477 die from the disease 2. 80% of...
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Abstract: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol from green tea extract is known to suppress the human pancreatic cancer in-vitro. Its anti-proliferative action mediated by caspase-3-activation, nuclear condensation and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage. Pancreatic cancer cell death by EGCG is mediated by arresting growth at an initial stage of cell cycle. EGCG involves depolarisation mitochondrial membrane to allow cytochrome-c release into cytosal. EGCG increased the production of intracellular release oxygen species (ROS), along with C-Jun-N-terminal kinase activation in pancreatic carcinoma cells....
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‘Cancer’ – a word so small yet so destructive. In fact, in 2017, in the UK alone there was an astonishing 4 million cases and 9.56 million deaths worldwide. An inevitable disease that just continues to increase in size. As the philosopher Desiderius Erasmus once said, ‘prevention is better than cure’ – this is most certainly the case with cancer. Cancer survival rates are the highest they have ever been. A way to improve survival rates even further is for...
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Role of Astrology in Diagnosis of Cancer Abstract: Someone rightly pointed out ‘Health is Wealth.’ It is very important to take care of good health. There are various branches since the ancient era who started to study on disease and the causes to occur diseases’. In India, Ayurveda is the oldest branch that started studying medical science. Moreover, we can say that since the ancient era, India is having study and medicine in Ayurveda. Turmeric is the best antibiotic- is...
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Introduction: Cachexia, meaning bad condition in Greek (4), is defined as “ a loss of lean tissue mass, involving a weight loss greater than 5% of body weight in 12 months or less in the presence of chronic illness”, like cancer (2,4,15,17,18,19,20,22,30,31). To be classified in a state of cachexia, 3 of the 5 criteria must be met along with a 5% weight loss in 12 months. Those criteria include; fatigue, the decline in muscle strength, low serum albumin levels,...
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Cancer The phrase everyone dreads and wishes to never hear… you have cancer. Cancer will take you by storm not only affecting you, but your loved ones, nurses, and healthcare providers. It is a beast that can drain you and everyone around you emotionally. Treatment can be exhausting and alters clients and their everyday life. With organizations like The American Cancer Society assist families and clients with everyday needs like transportation and support them in difficult times. Communities really come...
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Cancer is defined as a disease caused by uncontrollable cell division of abnormal defective body cells. Cancerous cells have the ability to destroy and damage surrounding organs and healthy tissues. Some cancers metastasize, beginning in one area and then invading and damaging other areas of the body. Cancer cells which group together form tumors, which can be benign (don’t spread) or malignant (metastasize to different areas). Random mutations can often occur in the genetic encoding of cells, but these mutations...
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Biomedical science involves using a range of laboratory techniques to diagnose and find treatments for various diseases. In this essay we will focus on the role that biomedical science plays in diagnosing various types of cancers. The different approaches in biomedical cancer diagnosis that will be covered are: biomarkers (i.e., miRNA), biopsies (i.e., liquid biopsies), blood tests and histology image analysis. Biomarkers are found in blood, tissues as well as other fluids in the body. These are biological molecules that...
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Cancer consists of a large number of diseases where cells from a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably, which end up infiltrating and destroying normal body tissue (MayoClinic, 2020). This uncontrollable growth and reproduction occur as a result of interference of the normal genetic process involved with cell growth and reproduction (Conquer Cancer: ASCO, 2020). Each individual gene contains DNA which, in turn, contains a set of instructions on the functions of growth and reproduction of the...
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Cancer is a disease associated with the growth of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and destroy normal body tissue. Skinner et al. (2005) cancer is not a single disease but rather a term that defines the uncontrolled spread of cells. Furthermore, a study by Dennis J. Kerrigan et al. (2013) found cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Two in one people in the world will be diagnosed with cancer, this is a...
5 Pages
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Reactive oxygen species are reactive molecules what contain oxygen. In cells they are formed as a by-product during the metabolism of oxygen. These metabolites often play important roles in the body such as call signaling and regulation. These reactive oxygen species often contain free radicals which are known to be harmful in high concentrations. Their concentrations are significantly higher under stressful conditions such as UV light. Selenium actively helps to combat this oxidative stress making it a viable target for...
3 Pages
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Oral cancer is known as one of the most popular types of cancer among people all over the globe, and there are about 200K deaths recorded annually, as a result of it. Oral cancer occurs when a bunch of malignant cells infect the oral tissues, and this harms the oral cavity overall, including different parts, such that the lips, gum, palate, and tongue. It mainly happens as a result of carelessness when it comes to dental care. There are various...
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Numerous studies have observed at the chance that definite nutritive mechanisms or nutrients relate to increases or decreases in cancer risk. Studies of cancer cells in the laboratory and of animal representations have occasionally provided proof that sequestered mixtures may be carcinogenic (or have anticancer action). However, with few exclusions, studies of human inhabitants have not yet exposed ultimately that any dietary element reasons or safeguards in contradiction of cancer. From time to time the outcomes of epidemiological studies that...
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My husband’s father, uncle, and aunt passed away after experiencing liver cancer a couple of years. Saying about liver cancer, you might think about poor lifestyle choices such as diabetes, overweight, over consumption of fatty, alcohol drinking or smoking. However, none of these people were involved in the most common risk factors above. We all were shocked about their fatal disease because they ate balanced diets and lived in healthy environment, and they did not experience any signs or symptoms...
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Head-and-neck squamous cell malignant growths are one of the most well-known tumors worldwide and represent the greater part million new cases and 480,000 passing for each year. Major etiological hazard factor incorporates tobacco use, betel-quid and areca-nut biting, liquor utilization, human papillomavirus (HPV) contamination (oropharyngeal disease), and Epstein–Barr infection disease (nasopharyngeal cancer). An enormous number of patients are determined to have privately propelled ailment and require multimodal treatment approaches. Despite progresses in radiation and careful procedures and the utilization of...
3 Pages
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As is well known, a singular treatment is not enough to eradicate cancer from the body. The older approach to treating cancer is with the use of chemotherapy, a nonspecific cytotoxic chemical, while the newer approach is to treat cancer with targeted and immunotherapy treatments which have the capability of specificity (Vanneman, Mathew, et al.). Chemotherapy kills all cells that produce rapidly, it is narrow spectrum, highly toxic, and resistance is known to occur quite frequently (Vanneman, Mathew, et al.)....
4 Pages
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Gene therapy is an experimental method for correcting faulty genes that cause disease to develop. Gene therapy attempts to treat illness by altering a person’s gene expression, with the ultimate goal of curing or preventing genetic diseases. Gene therapy aims to solve the problem at its source by inserting the right gene or repairing an existing one. Genes are the fundamental components of all living species. Genes are in charge of producing proteins that enable cells to work properly. These...
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Cancer involves the uncontrolled division of the body’s cells, which cancer can cause in any tissue of the body, and each type of cancer has its own unusual characteristics. Cancer begins when a cell breaks free from conventional restrictions on cell division and begins to require motivation to proliferate. “All the cells conveyed by division of this to start with, genetic cell and its descendant in addition appear uncivilized proliferation” (Cho, Y. J., Cho, Y. M., Kim, S. H., Shin,...
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Coping with a child who has a disease, such as cancer, can be a complex, psychological, and behavioral process that affects not only the patient, but the family as well. Cancer can cause emotional distress such as anxiety, stress, and difficulty coping. This quantitative article examines the coping strategies, religious attitudes, and optimism of mothers who have children with cancer. Correlation to Nursing Not only are diseases relevant to nursing, but also have an effect on the patient and their...
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Over 8.2 million people die of cancer each year due to the bad accessibility to detection methods and treatment. The problem is that people are finding out they have cancer too late which makes it harder to treat. Cancer is the 4th most leading cause of death between adults 20-39 years old in the United States. Nearly half of people who have cancer aren’t diagnosed early enough. This makes it harder for the treatment to succeed, making it more likely...
2 Pages
1054 Words
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