Rationale With research on vaccination in pre-school aged children, a broad research question ‘is compulsory vaccination for pre-school aged children necessary to ensure public health’ was developed based on the initial claim. This was further refined to specifically consider the eradication of infectious disease, in particular measles in Australia. Measles is vaccinated against in a composite vaccination known as MMR that also protects against mumps and rubella (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2018). This vaccine has been available in...
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Rationale Diseases are abnormal conditions that affect living organisms and occur when cells in the body are damaged as a result of infection and signs of an illness appear (National Academy of Sciences, 2019). They fall under four main categories; infectious, deficiency, hereditary and physiological diseases, all of which have harmful effects on the human body. However, through vaccines many diseases have been successfully controlled. Since 1796, when Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccination, mass vaccination programs have been used...
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2018 marked the 100-year anniversary of the influenza pandemic. This global illness infected one-third of the world’s population with the death rate numbering at least 50 million. Unfortunately, at that time science had not yet discovered vaccinations to help prevent viruses and the spread of the same. But what about today? This informative paper will discuss, in particular, the flu vaccine and the impact it can have on the older adult population. History of the Flu At the time of...
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In recent year the controversary surrounding vaccines have risen to the limelight, but the history surrounding this ordeal is much longer than that. Ever since the first vaccination in 1798, the impacts of vaccines have ranged from the suppression of polio to smallpox worldwide in the use to reshape the landscape of human health and medicine (Martin, 2015). In fact, vaccines have been so prominent that scientists consider them among the greatest accomplishments in the public health world. Despite the...
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Introduction Vaccines are designed to help protect and prevent serious diseases and help build up our body’s immunity to the various harmful diseases and viruses that are in the world. However, in recent years there has been many controversial discussions surrounding vaccinating. There have been topics of discussion regarding if there is a link between autism and vaccinating and now more than ever, there is a large group of the world’s population who have become advocates for anti-vaccinating. Mainstream media...
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The first few years of our baby’s life are the most crucial ones, and so parents seek to provide the best for them especially during their developing years. The terms immunizations, vaccines, and vaccinations are used interchangeably by parents frequently and they have become normalized in Jamaica. Vaccination is the act of providing immunity by introducing a biological substance that protects the human immune system from contracting diseases or infections caused by bacteria and viruses. Immunization is getting individuals protected...
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Introduction The two public health interventions that have had greatest impact on the world’s health are clean water and vaccines. (childhood immunization, 2011) We are shielded from infectious diseases by our system, which destroys diseases causing germs once they enter into our body. If our system is not quick or strong enough to stop those germs, we get sick. We use vaccines to prevent this from happening. Therefore immunization and vaccination are important to safeguard our self and other people...
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Vaccination is the Injection of a killed microbe to stimulate the immune system against the microbe, thereby preventing disease. Vaccinations, or immunizations, work by stimulating the immune system, the natural disease-fighting system of the body. The healthy immune system can recognize invading bacteria and viruses and produce substances (antibodies) to destroy or disable them. Immunizations prepare the immune system to ward off disease. To immunize against disease-causing microorganisms, the microorganism used in the vaccine has been weakened or killed to...
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As we age and get older we typically think that these changes manifest physically in our appearance, but the change also affects us genetically and on a cellular level specifically the immune system. As we age the immune system is progressively deteriorating which cause normal functions such as metabolism and immune defense to not function as they did at a younger age, this is known as Immunosenescence. Oh SJ, Lee JK, Shin OS (2019) stated that “Immunosenescence is characterized by...
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There has been and there currently is an anti-vaccination movement going on that is based on bad information that has been found to be incorrect and debunked many times over. Many parents are worried about giving their children vaccinations because they have been led to believe that vaccines can cause and have been linked to autism. However, this belief is false, and the results of parents not vaccinating their children have led to a resurgence of diseases and risks to...
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Vaccination is the way how to prevent humanity before infection diseases. It is beneficial in reducing mortality and population growth. Is not only protection for us but also protection for our community. In the 18th century died 400 000 people on smallpox only in Europe. Therefore, vaccination is considered one of the greater achievements in the world. The most vaccine is for free or just for a little cost. Vaccines learn the body how to create antibodies before catching the...
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The introduction of vaccination to the world has been considered as one of the most advanced progress in the Pharmacy industry. From measles, smallpox to rubella, vaccination has been recognized to not only cure but also to eradicate a lot of diseases. The outstanding successes of vaccinations have made such a great impact on the world’s healthcare that many developed countries have required scheduled vaccinations for children. Despite the effective uses of vaccines in many parts of the world, there...
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In the course of healthcare professionals’ practice, they face ethical dilemmas that require critical and analytical decisions. In most cases, healthcare professionals face complicated scenarios presenting complex decision-making. Five fundamental principles guide healthcare ethical decision-making: beneficence, fidelity, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Autonomy focuses on the independence of a decision, while nonmaleficence focuses on not hurting others. Beneficence, on the other side, is the concept of the healthcare professional contributing to the welfare of the patient, whereas justice emphasizes treating everyone...
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Vaccination was hailed as one of the most important medical interventions of the 20th century, preventing up to 3 million pediatric deaths every year ( Diekema DS, 2005). In addition to saving millions of lives from infectious diseases, they prevent certain cancers and save billions of dollars in healthcare costs ( Loria K , September 11, 2014). Yet despite their benefits, a small population of parents refuses to vaccinate their children, believing that some or all of the vaccines are...
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Malaria is kind of infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. It cause by a kind of parasite that transmitted to people through one bite of the female anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria leads to 600,000 deaths globally each year, malaria is mostly found in sub-Saharan Africa. 90% of deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa mainly children under 5 years old (Dove press, 2016).According to WHO (world health organization) In 2017, 219 million people infected to malaria and 435000 people dead worldwide...
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Introduction “Vaccines Safety: Evidence- Based Research Must Prevail” an article by Dr. Kathleen Ahern Gould, RN that was published in Dimension of Critical Care Nursing. She also teaches at Boston College. This article is an argument about a debate that has been happening for the past few decades. The argument is that vaccinations that are given at birth and then routinely throughout later years cause Autistic tendencies in children. There are five main sections in this article including Vaccine Safety:...
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My friends are already asking me why people around the world are afraid of the vaccine for COVID-19 that is being developed. Many people know that vaccines are good stuff because they have protected billions of humans against diseases. They just cannot understand why the same is dreaded around the world to the extent that there has been a push and pull on where potential vaccines should be tested in a clinical trial. Bill Gates himself despite being the proponent...
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The standards of vaccination studies and practices have extensively changed throughout the course of the last century, as advancement in medical technology has propelled our research and medicine. Before the 1900s, diseases were much more deadly. For instance, tuberculosis, as anyone exposed, would be diagnosed with a terminal illness and would be expected to die. In the 1900s, this all began to change as medicine was taking its first steps, and vaccines were being created and perfected as time went...
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Recently, the world has seen a reemergence of measles outbreaks. This disease has been on the decline ever since the introduction of the MMR vaccine. However, there is a growing minority of people who refuse to vaccinate despite the benefits of the MMR vaccine. The goal of this literature review is to understand vaccines, why people avoid vaccines, the anti-vaccination movement, and what can be done about it. What are the dangers of avoiding vaccines? McCarthy (2016) writes that avoiding...
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Usually, in the issue of vaccination, we usually talk about the immunisations which are given to the children and with the consent of their parents. The parents are the main aspect in the life of a child and all that is related to their child’s life even the child’s inoculation. To resolve the issue of anti-vaccination or vaccine hesitancy among Malaysian parents, there must be a way to communicate with the parents about the importance of vaccination. As stated earlier,...
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My essay is going to be based on, the ongoing controversial debate as to whether there is a link between the Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine in causing autism. I have chosen a media headline story that is related to this subject, and I will back it up with credible sources from journal articles. The MMR vaccine introduced in 1988 ‘is a safe and effective combined vaccine that protects against 3 separate illnesses – measles, mumps and rubella -...
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Each one of the articles employ similar approaches to tackling the inaccurate idea that vaccines can induce autism. By this, I mean each of the articles structure a very logical argument against this belief about vaccines. This is accomplished primarily by presenting a series of evidence, rooted in research and studies which span the world, in which there is a unanimous conclusion between all three articles that no such link exists. Though all of the texts refer to Wakefield’s work,...
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Every year, the World Health Organization lists their top ten threats to world health. In 2019, the WHO yearly list included air pollution and climate change, noncommunicable diseases, influenza, antimicrobial resistance, and vaccine hesitancy (Ten health issues WHO will tackle this year).Vaccine hesitancy is defined as “a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services” (The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health). The beliefs behind vaccine opposition are that vaccines are infective, vaccination is a patriarchal, governmental...
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Rationale World Health Organisation (2008) published an article that allegedly suggests that “Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide.” This article gives a detailed insight into the effects, eradication and control vaccine has on diseases, hence shining a positive light on vaccination to showcase the benefits of it on health, society and life expectancy. With thorough research, a broad research question was formed from the initial claim: “Does the use of vaccine reduce the amount of disease in...
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Rationale Advances in medical technology has had countless positive impacts on the health and wellbeing of humans. In fact, life expectancies have more than doubled, with a predicted age of 30 in the 1900s rising to approximately 70 years in the 21st century (Rosser, 2015). The eradication and prevention of cases and outbreaks of infectious diseases such as small pox, influenza, measles, etc. heavily contributed to that increase. However, a lack of knowledge and general fear cause many controversies to...
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In this essay, I intend to discuss a host of factors associated with the theme of vaccinating one’s child, with particular emphasis on views and perspectives from a stance towards anti-vaccination. A vaccination is an injection of a weak/attenuated pathogen, with the intention of stimulating active immunity to result in immunological memory. The purpose of this essay is to advise parents Mary and Joe, as to whether they should vaccinate their children against MMR. An individual infected with the measles...
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Disease and illness have plagued the human race for as long as we have walked the earth. Similarly, to disease, the spread of misinformation also has dreadful effects. The anti-vaccination movement has become a health crisis and is fueled by the distortion of facts that have been passed down through the internet. You can think of the internet as a game of telephone, the more the information is circulated the more incorrect it becomes. As more parents buy into the...
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Influenza (flu) can be a serious illness, especially for older adults. People aged over 65 years get the greatest burden of severe flu disease. It is transmittable disease which attacks epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract and lead to local inflammation. It is transferred through droplet infection during coughing, talking or sneezing by infected person [1, 2]. 70-90 % of seasonal related flu deaths were resulted in people over 65 years and it leads to 50-70 percent of seasonal flu...
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The scientific controversy over-vaccination and its foreboding threat has been constantly brought into the debate. Over the past few years, the anti-vaccination group has risen and continues to rise as the days go by. I believe in the vaccination of not just children but of adults as well. The risks and eluding threats of not being vaccinated are far more severe and threatening compared to the minute chances in which receiving a vaccine can result in having autism. Throughout this...
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Between the discovery of a virus and the development of a vaccine, it usually takes several years. But the health emergency can speed up the process. Eighteen months: this is the time evaluated and hoped for by the researchers for the development of a vaccine against the new coronavirus. This period may seem long for a confined population, prohibited from leaving for lack of treatment. However, the health emergency of the situation has meant that this period has been greatly...
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