Human memory is a complex phenomenon which psychologists have been studying for years. Atkinson and Shiffrinâs (1968) multi store model shows how memory divides into three different stores, sensory-, short- and long-term memory, which pass information from one to another using various methods. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) criticised the model for oversimplifying short term and long-term memory. Through the development of the working memory model, they claimed that short term memory is composed of three stores: central executive, phonological loop...
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Understanding memory still has a far way to go, many theories and studies have been investigated on how memories are stored in the brain. Storing and retrieving memories is described as a process. Many models have been suggested on how the memories are organized. As background, working memory occurs within a cycle. Memories begin by being encoded, then stored then finally retrieved. Encoding is the processing of information into the memory system, for example, by extracting meaning. The new information...
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In 1960s, researchers were inspired by the invention of computer system and characterised STM as a computer with limited capacity which most verbal information is temporarily stored (Broadbent, 1958). Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) then introduced a Dual-Store Model that maintained the short-term memory’s capacity is limited and rehearsal for the retention of information is essential. However, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) disagreed with the idea that short-term memory was a unitary system and introduced a multi-component system, which was the three-component...
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Compulsive gambling is a problematic behaviour that has a widespread impact all over the world. For example, there are many cities such as Las Vegas and Macau that are designated for entertainment purposes such as gambling, and many casinos have been established in those regions to cater to patrons. From the engaging lights and sounds of slot machines to strategic moves in playing card games, gambling stimulates an extensive range of cognitive functions in the brain. In the long run,...
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The working memory model is a theory for how short-term memory works, and an expansion of the views expressed in the MSM theory. Baddeley and Hitch in 1974 felt that STM was not just one store but a collection of different stores. These concepts lead them to form a model which consists of three slave systems; the central executive, the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. They used the phrase ‘working memory’ to refer to the division of our memory...
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The multi-store model of memory was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) and is a basic model. They suggested that memory comprised of three stores: a tactile register, transient memory (STM) and long-haul memory (LTM). This is one of the theories that I will be discussing alongside the working memory theory which was introduced by Baddeley & Hitch in 1974. The working memory theory argues that the picture of short-term memory (STM) provided by the multi-store model is far too...
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Research on short-term memory developed a wide range of new approaches based on previous concepts of information processing during the 1950s, including new techniques and theoretical approaches. The multi-store model developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) has generated tremendous amounts of research. It turned out, however, that the outcome of their research had several problems with their conceptions of the characteristics of short-term memory. There has been an attempt by psychologists to determine whether there is a connection between short-term...
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Understanding memory is important because 'Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present' (Sternberg, 1999). Baddeley and Hitch (1974) talked about the working memory model. They believed that our short-term memory has many stores. One of them being the ability to understand information and finish work depending on the component of the working memory we are using. If we are using the same component for different types...
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An absence of exploration about the short-term memory of intellectually gifted students added to the need for this investigation. In the event that a presence of contrasts between mentally, general, and different students is seen, it would profit the educational system to know where the memory’s qualities and shortcomings of individual students lay. Not only would the information on such data would be beneficial for the student, however the information would also add benefits to the accomplishment of instructional conveyance...
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