Although the Aeneid shares many characteristics with the Homeric epic, as an epic it is different in important ways. For this reason, the Aeneid is referred to as a literary or secondary epic in order to differentiate it from primitive or primary epics such as the Homeric poems. This, should not be interpreted as value judgments, but merely as indications that the original character of the epic was improvisational and oral. Aeneid, composed later in the epic tradition, was basically...
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People including Americans should be themselves, naturally humans are good and have limitless potential. Emerson argued Americans should stop looking to the Europeans for inspiration. He believed that they should create their own distinct culture carried through transcendentalist ideas. Which is followed through by the American Scholar because they are actively seeking knowledge for themselves and trying to attain a higher understanding of life. This way it leads them to their own thoughts and style thatâs uniquely American. Emerson first...
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Over the course of a lifetime, many human beings are faced with challenges that shape them and opportunities to shape others. Ralph Waldo Emerson is a man who experienced much tragedy, including the premature death of many close family members beginning early in his childhood. Growing up, he felt âimprisoned in streets and hindered from the fields and woods amidst the busy commercial activityâ (âRalph Waldo Emerson’s Childhoodâ). These and other occurrences have helped him develop the philosophies he has...
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Arthur Miller was a renowned playwright who lived from October 17th, 1915, to February 10th, 2005. His literary career began when he was a student at the University of Michigan. He was the recipient of multiple Tony Awards, a Pulitzer Prize, and the Praemium Imperiale Prize (âArthur Millerâ). Miller was also briefly married to Marilyn Monroe and was furthermore notorious for not ânaming namesâ during the Red Scare, despite the repercussions (âArthur Millerâ). Arthur Miller worked hard to â[combine] social...
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Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was an eminent writer, journalist and social critic of Victorian era. He was brought up by middle class family in destitute poverty during British industrial revolution. These things had everlasting impact upon his memory. He is one of the literary canons who wrote a magnanimous amount of literature on varied topics. He wrote blatantly about social and economic disparities and stratification. He pinned menace and drawbacks of industrial revolution. Sigmund Freud has been a celebrated neurologist and...
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âWhether the spirit of greatness / Or of woman I know not, but it shows / A fearful madness. I owe her much of pityâ. Cariolaâs choric commentary at the end of Act 1 Scene 1 of âThe Duchess of Malfiâ reflects her uncertainty of whether to see the Duchessâ bid for self-determination as âgreatnessâ of spirit or as âmadnessâ, for she is moving beyond the bounds of socially accepted behaviour with no clear path to guide her. As Joseph...
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Great Russian thinkers of the past Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky made significant contributions to Russia’s culture through the power of literature. They questioned the nature of humanity and the society that they lived in. Through their profound works of authorship due to the similar themes of thought in their works Tolstoy and Dostoevsky are often viewed in relation to one another they both used their voices to challenge the qualities of Russian life as they knew it. Leo Tolstoy...
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In late 16th century English drama vengeful ghosts, adapted from a Senecan drama, became a common occurrence. William Shakespeare, a well revered writer, âis unique in the fact that he is the only author who fully participates in the popular vogue for presenting ghosts onstageâ. According to Stephen Greenblatt, âShakespeare, more than anyone of his age, grasped that there were powerful links between his art and the haunting of spiritsâ. In two of Shakespeareâs works, Julius Caesar and Hamlet, the...
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Latin texts have always touched on the topic of âafterlifeâ due to the close knitted relationship with God and Christian belief. The Underworld, Heaven and Hell have always been interpreted in different ways, each influenced by contextual ideologies or religious factors within those preceding times. One can determine the Divine Comedyâs significant societal expectations through close comparison between Virgilâs The Aeneid. The contrasting time difference between these two sources portrays tremendous differences in societyâs views about Christianity beliefs and afterlife....
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The Renaissance period began during the 14th-17th centuries and was known as a time of reform and growth highly influenced by the gifted artists of this era. Prior to the Renaissance, the artwork was 2-dimensional and was centered around the current struggles of society. Artists in the early Renaissance created a shift in the art world by focusing on creating more human-like art pieces. The Renaissance was a pivotal point for the art world. Artists began shying away from the...
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Mary Shelley uses Victor Frankensteinâs creation as a warning towards classicism and rational thinking; something past the boundaries of societal and cultural norm. Firstly, Shelley shows this through each victim, namely Elizabeth Lavenza and Henry Clerval who both appreciate nature and its sublimity when Victor fails to do so as the novel progresses. Victor narrates this thought, as he states, âThe delight of Clerval was proportionally greater than mineâŚ.,â and Clerval exclaims, âI could pass my life here…and among these...
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Ever since the African descended peoples of the world were given their relative freedom from slavery, there has been major discourse over how this newfound liberty should be maintained. Especially in America, where the reformation era was one of the most liberating times to have darker skin pigmentations, ideas of how to keep the African American community socially and legally equal to white Americans would converge in some areas, particularly in the idea of black communities coming together, and diverge...
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âSo we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.â This is the final quote from F. Scott Fitzgeraldâs The Great Gatsby. The quote fits perfectly with the book as Gatsby tried to recreate his past by getting with his past lover Daisy. Nothing could stop this man from letting his past go. It is the same in society today. The challenging and banning of books is an ancient technique used to suppress knowledge from citizens....
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Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was an American writer who burst onto the modernist literary scene in Paris during the 1920s and subsequently became one of the most famous authors of the twentieth century. Ernest Hemingway coined this theory when he determined that by omitting parts of a story, details that the writer and reader both inherently know, the story’s prose will the shortened and strengthened. Ernest Hemingwayâs Short Stories: The Iceberg Theory âWe are all tips of the icebergâ- Ashlecka Aumrivani...
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Introduction In this essay, I am going to discuss how two true pioneering women managed to stand out in a menâs world. Despite the situation at their time, they were able to be key figures in Music and Literature. Firstly, I will cover how Daphne Oram, with her Oramics Machine, was the first full-time Electronic Music composer in Britain, despite not having the support she needed from BBC and being a woman in the 50s and 60âs of the 20th...
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Your mind is the most powerful weapon you can possess, and sometimes the hardest challenge you will have to overcome. Stephen King is an author who has mastered the ability to use your mind against you when reading his books. Due to this, King has won many awards for his unique writing style and the ability to use graphic imagery; all of which can be directed back to his family experiences and his reaction to those events. Stephen King is...
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Fiction literature is an instrumental element in many peopleâs lives today. Whether one is a literature teacher, an author, a fiction texts analyst or simply a reader of fiction writing, an encounter with creative writing leaves a critical mark on an individualâs mind. Since its invention in the 12th century, fiction has evolved and influenced many lives to date. It seeks to bring out what revolves in other peopleâs minds in terms of imaginations of situations, events, places, and values...
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Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was written in 1817, in the midst of the Romantic Era. However, Shelley strayed away from the concepts of Romanticism and wrote Frankenstein as an anti-Romantic work. Four key concepts that Shelley negated in her work included the celebration of nature, the simple life, the idealization of women, and the presence of a one-sided perspective. Furthermore, Mary Shelley’s critique of Romanticism can be applied to the critiques of Marxism, the patriarchy, and racial discrimination. The era of...
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Born into the world with a tabula rasa, the creature in Mary Shelleyâs Frankenstein enters life with innocence and potential. With no instinctive precept of life, the creature who is initially gentle and innocent, attempts to integrate himself into society, only to be rejected because of humanityâs fear of his appearance. Loneliness, whether it be emotional, physical, or social, and its impacts, is a recurrent themes depicted through the creature. The creatureâs demand for companionship derives from his sense of...
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Chaucer under French, Italian, and English influence: The life of Chaucer is divided into three periods. The first, of thirty years, includes his youth and early manhood, in which time he was influenced almost exclusively by French literary models. The second period, of fifteen years, covers Chaucerâs active life as a diplomat and man of affairs; and in this, the Italian influence seems stronger than the French. The third, of fifteen years, generally known as the English period, is the...
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Whether it be a narrative of a myth like that of Hercules or a fascinating tale of a contemporary superhero like Batman or a biography of a leader like Mahatma Gandhi or a snippet from a legendary chronicle like Mahabharata, stories are always interesting. Stories take us into another world, drive us and fill us with motivation. Irrespective of the age, the idea of a hero and his story is always overwhelming. Joseph Campbell studied the myths from all over...
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Horror is a genre that has evolved into a broad umbrella with multiple portrayals of the original works underneath, this allows for diversity and appeals to a wider range of audiences. The horror genre began in the Romantic Movement in the beginning of the 19th century and encompasses many types of horror literary works and films. These include science fiction with Mary Shelleyâs Frankenstein and supernatural with Bram Stokerâs Dracula. Horror as a genre has continued in popularity with supernatural...
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âAnd the most terrifying question of all may be just how much horror the human mind can stand and still maintain a wakeful, staring, unrelenting sanityâ(Stephen King). The late twentieth century was a time of racism and bigotry as the Civil Rights Movement was coming to a close, yet many Americans still refused to integrate African Americans into regular society. As stated in Memmottâs article, American author Stephen King grew up during this time in Portland, Maine, taking care of...
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The story engages the reader through Orwell’s first-hand experience as a police officer in Burma, presenting complex ideas about humanity’s indifference of death and ‘what it means to destroy a healthy, conscious man.â. The story entails the execution of a Hindu prisoner by hanging through the point of view of a guard and the desensitization of the prison workers afterward. Orwell starts his work with imagery, showing how the guard internally feels about the execution, later using anaphora to represent...
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Creating a creature and then fully realizing the responsibilities is a hard task for anyone to do. Creatures arenât human although they were created to feel the emotion and deserve any direct attention like everyone else. In Mary Shelleyâs Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein believes that his creation and its actions are a direct result of carelessness and lack of responsibility from himself as the creator. Throughout the novel, Shelley portrays Victor as a good person with good intentions but after his...
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Du Boi’s notion of âDouble Consciousnessâ and why it was so transformative to social theory. Du Bois was an American sociologist, activist, and author. He was born in 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts and graduated from Fisk University in Nashville and was also the first black American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard. Until recently Du Boisâ contributions to sociology have been greatly overlooked especially his ideas revolving around the notion of âdouble consciousness. Du Boisâ ideas and concepts of...
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Stephen King is considered one of the greatest horror writers of our life and of all time. Kingâs works span over the course of forty-five years starting with his first novel, Carrie, in 1974 and releasing a novel almost every year since with his most recent release being The Institute, released in September of 2019. Stephen King was born September 21st, 1947 in Portland, Maine to parents Donald King and Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King. When King was just two years...
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In the words of Isaac Asimov, âScience can amuse and fascinate us all, but it is engineering that changes the worldâ (âIsaac Asimov Quoteâ, n.d.). Engineers have been world changers, by trade, throughout history. Contributions from the field of engineering have shaped the modern landscape, and have continuously improved the quality of life for humans on earth. Today, an engineer can be generally defined as: one who makes ethical, practical applications with the knowledge of sciences, as in the construction,...
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Razor A short story written by Vladimir Nabakov tells the story of an exiled Russian that comes into contact with their former torturer. It was written in 1926. Paragraph one (Ivanov analysis) Ivanov, an exiled Russian, and former Berlin-based military officer took up a job as a barber; a fitting role, Nabokov says, as Ivanov’s sharp facial appearance gained him the nickname ‘Razor’ in his earlier life. An unnamed character, largely dressed in black, enters the barber’s on a hot...
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During the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century oversaw the birth and fast-paced growth of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. (Baker, 2019) Factories overtook the role of previously played by agriculture in the economy and the working-class citizen quickly made his way out of the village and into the workhouse. (Barrow, 2013) Though the economy was thriving, there was a sense of mourning noted amongst the general public which witnessed the increasing mechanisation of the world. The clash between the...
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