U.S. History Unit 3

U.S. History: Unit 3 Planters: ● Didn’t allow the poor whites to vote because there was more of them than Planters. ● They were the government from the Old South ● Own more than 20 slaves and a lot of plantation area ● Consider the richest people in the region ● Men will try to breed with the female slaves to increase the population of slaves and it’s cheaper. Slavery: ● Slavery Resistance (Silent Sabotage): ● Enjoy long life expectancies and low infant mortality ● Able to have shelter and food only because Planters doesn’t want them to die out in an early age b/c they are expensive to purchase. King Cotton: ● Cotton is so important to the South to grow business and money ● Cotton is a everyday basis for the South Manifest Destiny: ● City on the Hill ● America is destined to have the continent; be better than others ● Given the destined for American to take away land from Native American and not feel guilty ● Based on cultural and superial ideas ● 1840 is the most dynamic change in Manifest Destiny ● Wagon train moving west and missed the middle ● Oregon trail was the biggest and dangerous trail - deaths due to diseases and Native attacks ● Mormon Trail- build a community in Nauvoo Election of 1844 ● Henry Clay (Whig) - was the most powerful politician. - Wants to keep the national bank, keep tariff no annexation in TX (can lead to a war with Mexico and no slavery) ● James K. Polk (Dem) - people tries to find a person to run against Henry Clay - Decides to run the land as Anti-Clay. Runs the Manifest Destiny Campaign Dark horse candidate won by addressing more lands - Does not want war with Britain and Mexico - Wars of Me Election of 1860 ● Republican Party: (Lincoln) stop the spread of slavery ● Democratic Party split - Northern Democrats: (Douglas) popular sovereignty - Southern Democrats: pro-slavery amendment Confederate States of America ● Jefferson Davis: President ● Alexander Stephens: Vice President ● Capital: Richmond, VA Ft. Sumter- Charlestown, South Carolina, April 1861 ● Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union ● Lincoln hated the Fugitive Slave Act, but will continue it ● Lincoln wrote letters to every states in the south that he will send troops to the Fort Sumter to bring supplies ● Jefferson Davis told the confederate army to fire the Ft. Sumter before the restock supplies and it began the Civil War War Dates: ● Ft. Sumters: April, 1861 ● Phase 1 (Limited War): 1861 & 1862 / Southern victories ● Turning Points: 1863 ● Phase 2 (Total War): 1864-1865 Border States ● All border states were slaves owning states ● All border states remain in the union ● All border states support troops in the Union army Perspectives on the War ● North → Preserve the Union (slavery 1862-63) / invasion ● South → Independent / defensive The Civil War: 1861-1865 ● Lincoln’s view the war is limited objective to preserve the Union except for slavery ● The south move troops quickly to be trained ● The south wins the first battle ● Lincoln’s army invade the south twice and withdrew from it ● The laws of New Orleans is big for the south ● If you own the city of New Orleans, you own the Mississippi river ● Douglas wanted the North to negotiate peace with the south ● 1862- the minorities of Radical Republican (Abolitionist) complain to Lincoln that he’s not making the issue on what the war is about (slavery) ● Constitution doesn’t allow the government to interfere with slavery ● If Lincoln makes the war about slavery, he will lose the border states Northern Congress Acts ● No Southern politicians in Congress anymore ● Stronger national government - National Banking Act (no renewal date) - Pacific Railroad Act (northern railroad with federal funding) - Homestead Act (160 acres for small farmers in the west) to claim the states as free states Slavery Became Unavoidable ● Congress abolished it in DC and prohibited it in all territories ● Lincoln moved cautiously (existing laws and border states) - Slaves were escaping to Union troops - Lincoln ordered the military to follow Lincoln’s order Congress passed Second Confiscation Act (contrabands): found a way for - runaway slaves to be free which violate the Fugitive Slaves Act Summer of 1862, Lincoln decided it was time to address slavery - Antietam created the opportunity to release Emancipation Proclamation (Sept. 1861) to take effect January 1, 1863. Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863 1. 100 day delay (from Preliminary Proclamation to Emancipation Proclamation) 2. Did not apply to border states or areas under Union control 3. Used authority as commander-in-chief (bypassed Congress) 4. Blacks allowed to join military in segregated units 5. Did not address equality, voting, or civil rights 6. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation of Proclamation 7. It sets US to the course socially and economically 8. AL wanted the citizens to vote on what they need to focus on 9. Emancipation of Proclamation does not freed all slaves b/c Lincoln didn’t intended to 10. Preliminary Proclamation: Sept 1862 11. Abraham Lincoln claimed that he has military power against the rebellion; able to suppress the war 12. If Lincoln free slaves, he would not have authority in the border states 13. Free all slaves in Confederate States? No 14. Lincoln wanted to start an amendment to prevent from anyone from suing him that will go to the Supreme Court 15. Abraham wanted to wait for 100 days hoping the south will rejoin the Union 16. None of the slaves were free on January 1st b/c none of the south pays attention to the law 17. In order to free the slaves, Lincoln has the power of Commander-in- Chief to order troops to free slaves 18. June 19th is the emancipation day in Texas 19. Many freed slaves joined the military when Lincoln opened up the military force 20. Lincoln wanted his troops to document where every union troops was on 1862 21. Lincoln signed the document at 1:00 on new year The Turning Points 1863 ● Emancipation Proclamation - Gave war a popular moral purpose in the North Britain and France stayed out of the war ● Abolitionist support the war ● Vicksburg battle- last big fort to control the river ● Gettysburg battle- was the bloodiest single battle in the civil war ● Ulysses S. Grant was the general who was starving the troops to death. Would not allow medicine and food to in the port. Grant will win at any cost. ● Grant wanted Lincoln to stay out of Vicksburg and let him fight his way Phase 2: Total War ● Grant fought Lee at the Gettysburg ● Sherman was appointed to take charge at Chattanooga and Savannah Lincoln and Reconstruction ● 13th Amendment ● Abolitionist wanted equality and rights ● ‘Reconstruct’ Southern states government: does not mean rebuilding railroads ● Radical Republicans in Congress ● Freedmen’s Bureau Last Days of the War ● April 3 Richmond ● April 9 Lee surrendered ● April 11 Lincoln’s speech on voting ● April 14 - John Wilkes Booth (Impeachment) House - Charges (Resign) Senate Effects after the Civil War ● Stronger national govt ● 3 amendments (14) ● National citizenship ● Congressional power to enforce