Fighting the Great War Lecture Notes

Savvas Topic 5, Lesson 2: Fighting the Great War Objectives: ➢ Understand how trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front. ➢ Identify and describe the impact of modern military technology on the fighting. ➢ Outline the course of war on multiple European fronts. ➢ Explain how World War I was a global conflict. 5.2 Vocabulary Directions: Paraphrase the textbook definition of each key term. Make sure to put the definition of each term in your own words. Key Term Definition 1. stalemate Stalemate is a situation when neither side can fight each other because it is difficult to defeat one another. 2. convoy Group of ships owned by traders that are defended by warships. 5.2 Guided Reading Directions: As you read the assigned text, answer the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES. Answers should be written in complete sentences that explain your answer. You can use multiple sentences or lengthy sentences that include the word BECAUSE. Incomplete answers will receive partial credit. A New Kind of War 3. Activity Launch How does the map show the effects of trench warfare in WWI? The map showed how the western front line did move that much in 1914 and 195 and shows how in 1915 their trench shrinked. The Eastern front was better than the West because it moved often and had a big trench which can be used for better chances of defeating the Western front in WW1 4. What is stalemate, and why did one develop on the Western Front? Stalemate is a situation when neither side can fight each other because it is difficult to defeat one another.They developed the stalemate on the Western Front because of how Germany’s Schlieffen plan failed, and because of how british and french did not defeat germany at the Battle of the Marne, and to protect their armies from their enemies. 5. How did the failure of Germany’s Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France affect the future course of the war? The failure of Germany’s Schlieffen plan happened because Germany shifted their forces to the east and this weakened their forces which made them unable to defeat France and this caused a stalemate. Battle lines made France remain unchanged and unharmed for four years. 6. Activity Launch a. Infer: Why would an army want to flank its opponent (attack from the side) instead of head on? b. Draw Conclusions: Poisonous gas, which is heavier than air, was used in WWI. Why might poison gas be more effective when used against soldiers in the trenches versus soldiers on the battlefield? c. Synthesize: More than half the casualties on the Western Front were caused by artillery a. An army would want to flank its opponent from the other side instead of head on because they want to take control of both fronts, to spy on the other nations to see if they are planning against them and to see their tactics so that they can stop it, and they do not want to be secretly targeted from the either sides so they attack from the other side to look for any kind of nation trying to take advantage. b. Poisonous gas might be more effective than having soldiers on the munitions.Why do you think artillery became such a major part of trench warfare? battlefield because the nation does not want to risk the soldiers’ lives and so that there will be less casualties and deaths, another reason can be because poisonous gas can be lethal so they use it to kill their enemies from the other side. c. Trench warfare was important because it gave shelter to the soldiers from heavy fire and artillery and because attacking soldiers from the other side on the battlefield and not using a trench might be difficult and lead to casualties and deaths. It was also important because a nation can sneak up on their enemy and this is an advantage of trenches. Modern Military Technology 7. Why were modern long range weapons important in the war? There were two important long range weapons which are rapid-fire machine guns and long-range artillery guns. They were used because they can shoot far away like 10 miles away and it also created more casualties and deaths than a normal gun. 8. What effect did machine guns have on the war? Machine guns were effective during the war because they created more casualties because it shoots many bullets. It is also effective because it can cover a long distance and shoots further away than a gun or rifle. Their aim was also better. 9. How did poison gas affect soldiers? Where was it primarily used? Effect on soldiers: Blinded soldiers and made them choke and also made it hard to breathe from the lungs because it filled the lungs with gas which caused many deaths and agony Where it was used: The allies used them, French soldiers used tear gas, and Germans began to use poisonous gas in 1915 10. How did each of these situations impact World War I? Ottoman control of the Dardanelles: The Ottoman’s control of the Dardanelles impacted WW1 because Turkey interrupted the supply line to Russia which connected the Black sea with the Mediterranean and this also trapped the Allies in the Gallipoli Peninsula through the Dardanelles. German submarine warfare : They were called German U-Boats and also called Unterseeboot in German. It did a lot of damage to the Allied sides which was sinking trading ships which carried necessary supplies to Britain. The cause of this was that the Allies created convoys to protect trading ships by warships. 11. How did the Allies deal with German U-boats? As i said above they dealt with the German U-Boats by creating convoys in which warships protect trading ships which carry supplies. Other European Fronts 12. How was the Eastern Front different from the Western Front? In the Eastern Front, there were not many trenches used. There were times where harsh winters made things more difficult for the Eastern front and also made trench warfare hard to use and not that effective. There was more movement happening in the Eastern front more than the Western front. There were also more casualties in the Western Front than in the Eastern Front. A Global Conflict 13. What was the impact of the Ottoman Empire joining the Central Powers? 14. Why were the Armenians targeted by the Ottoman Empire? 15. Why did people from European colonies fight in World War I? The impact of the Ottoman Empire joining the Central powers was that it made the Central powers almost surrounded. This led to Turkey cutting off important supplies to Russia from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean through the Dardanelles. It also caused the Allies to be trapped on the Gallipoli Peninsula. ● ● ● ● Was a minority to the Ottoman Empire and Were Christians Did not have the same rights as Muslims Do not know the last bullet European colonies were involved because they wanted to expand their empire and create colonies and because they came to the aid of Britain and also because British India and French West Africa fought on European battlefields which made them interfere.