University:
Green Hope High School
Course:
GHHS History
Academic year:

2023
Views:

488

Pages:

2
Author:

Natalie H.

European Imperialism in Africa ● From 1880 to 1914 European nations used imperialism to dominate the continent of Africa The Arrival of Europeans changed Africa ● Before Europeans, Africa was divided into tribal clans and Islamic kingdoms ● During the age of Exploration, Europeans explored the African coast - Set up trade colonies - Brought slaves to the Americans Then the Industrial Revolution… ● The industrial revolution led to imperialism in Africa in the 1800s ● The first Europeans to explore hte interior of Africa were missionaries and explorers - Stemboats and social darwinism ● Reports of large deposits of natural resources (and growing nationalism in Europe) set off a race for African colonies Berlin Conference of 1884 ● The race for African colonies was so fierce that Europeans were afraid, wars would break out ● In 1884, 14 nations mat at the Berlin Conference to “set the rules” for colonizing Africa - Notably missing were any representatives from Africa ● German chancellor Bismark- carved up the African interior ignoring the ethic, linguistic and religious groups within each region European Colonies ● By 1914, Europe controlled 90% of Africa - France took most of West Africa - Belgium claimed the congo - Britian and germany each had several colonies ● These nations used African colonies to gain diamonds, tin, gold and rubber British Influence ● Britian was the most dominant imperial power in Africa ● British industry fueled demands for raw materials ● British’s power grew after gaining control of Suez Canal and South Africa Suez Canal ● Connects the Mediterranean sea and the Red sea ● Built by the French using Egyptian labor ● Sold to and controlled by the British in 1875 South Africa ● The Boers (Dutch) Afrikaners created the orange Free State and transvaal / South Africa Republic ● The British defeat the Boers, created the Union of South Africa, and developed a new system of Apartheid British Influence pt.2 ● Many citizens in England dreamed of a British colony from “Capetown to Cairo” ● The most important empire- builder in Africa was Cecil Rhodes - Debeers diamond mines in South Africa - Used his wealth to build railroads and telegraph lines in Africa Belgium’s influence ● King Leopold II gained the congo from the Berlin Conference - Exploited the region for its natural resources ● Cruel and abusive systems led to estimate 10 million deaths

European Imperialism Reshaping Africa: Colonization and Impact

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