University:
Green Hope High School
Course:
History
Academic year:

2023
Views:

29

Pages:

1
Author:

Natalie H.

The Enlightenment Early Enlightenment thinkers ● Thomas Hobbes - Human life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” - We need absolute power ● John Locke - Humans have natural rights + Life, Liberty, and Property - Tabula Rasa- we are born with a blank mind, formed later by our experiences The Salon and the Philosophes ● Salons - Social gatherings for aristocrats to discuss new theories and ideas ● Philosophes - Enlightenment thinks who attended the salons Three Major Philosophes ● Montesquieu - Separtion of powers, checks and balances ● Voltaire - Attacked intolerance, wanted separation of church and state - Deism: God created the world but does not intervene ● Denir Diderot - Encyclopedia: 28 volume collection of Enlightenment ideas New Social Sciences ● Economics - Adam Smith + Laissez-Faire: State should be exercises in brutality ● Criminal Justice - Cesare Beccaria + Punishments should not exercise in brutality Late Enlightenment thinkers ● Jean- Jacques Rousseau - Social contract - Society agrees to be governed by its general will- what is best for the entire community over individual rights ● Mary Wollstonecraft - If all humans have a reason, they are entitled to the same rights as menequal education, economic and political life