Clues to Identify Chemistry Elements

Clues to Identify Chemistry Elements Based on their properties, chemical elements can be put into three groups: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metals are good at moving electricity and heat. A lot of metals can be shaped and bent. Heat and electricity don't move through nonmetals well, and solid nonmetals tend to break easily. Metalloids are like a mix of metals and nonmetals in terms of their properties. The number of valence electrons in an atom is the same for all elements in the same group on the periodic table. Valence electrons are electrons that are at the highest energy level of an atom. Each element in a group has a certain number of valence electrons, which is shown by its group number. To give you an example, each element in Group 4 has four valence electrons. Helium is the only element that doesn't follow this pattern. It is in Group 8 but only has two valence electrons. The properties of elements in the same group are often the same because they all have the same number of valence electrons. The alkali metals in Group 1 on the far left side of the periodic table are the most reactive. These are the alkaline earth metals, which are in Group 2. They are not as reactive as the alkali metals. Along the left side of the periodic table, groups of elements become less metallic as you move to the right. Group 7 halogens are the nonmetals that react with other things the most. Noble gases are in Group 8. They have no color or smell and don't usually react with other elements. You will use a list of clues to figure out what 34 elements are and where they belong in the periodic table for this investigation. Pre-Investigation Questions: 1. Are elements with similar properties in the same row or the same column of the periodic table? Answer: It's the same column, though. 2. How would information about number of valence electrons be useful for placing elements in the periodic table? Answer: It is the valence electrons that show you where on the column the element should go. 3. How does reactivity of elements change as you go from left to right on the periodic table? Answer: The outer electrons are less likely to stick to the nucleus because of the "shielding" effect of the electron shells between them and the nucleus. On the left side of the table, in groups 1 and 2, are the following: These lose electrons when they react, and as you go down the group, the reactivity goes up. 4. How does reactivity of elements change as you go from top to bottom on the periodic table? Answer: By atomic mass. 5. Are ALL nonmetals gases at room temperature? Answer: No. 6. How will organizing clues by writing them down on paper be useful when you are reading the clues to the elements? Answer: So that it's easier to find the part. How to Do It: 1. Look at the part of the periodic table that comes after the list of clues. Keep in mind that it has room for 34 elements from Periods 1 to 5 and Groups 1 to 8. There are shades of gray where the metalloids are. 2. For this investigation, a number from 1 to 34 was picked at random for each of these 34 elements. The atomic number of mass of the element has nothing to do with this number. You will figure out where each element fits in the partial periodic table by using the list of clues. 3. Read the clues in order. You will probably find it useful to summarize the information in each clue by writing them down on paper, to which you can refer to later as needed. Fill in the partial periodic table by placing each element’s assigned number in the appropriate box. 4. Sometimes, just one hint is enough to help you figure out what an element is and put its number in the right box. Most of the time, though, you'll need to put together clues from different sources to figure out what the element is. 5. You can read the clues again and again if you need to. Fill in the box on the table when you are sure you have correctly identified all the things that the clue refers to. A List of Hints: 1. The gases that make up elements 2, 5, 18, 29, and 33 have no color, smell, or reaction. Element 29 has the most mass of all of these gases. 2. Thirteen, 19, 23, and 34 are metalloids, and they all have six valence electrons. 3. The metals 9, 14, 16, and 21 are all very reactive and belong to the same group. This group of metals is least reactive when it comes to element 16. 4. The times of elements 1, 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 24, and 29 are all the same. 5. They are 11, 26, 27, and 28. They all have three valence electrons. 6. The number 1, 4, 6, and 30 are all in the same group. Element 6 is found in molecules of chlorophyll. 7. 10; 22, 24; and 32 are all in the same group. When it's not cold, element 22 is a liquid. 8. At the same time, elements 2, 10, 15, and 34 are not metals. 9. The number 7; 15, 17; and 25 are all in the same group. Item 7 is the only one that is a gas at room temperature. 10. Twelve, twenty, and twenty-six are metalloids. 20 and 12 are both in the same group. 11. To keep your bones and teeth strong, you need element 30. 12. Element 21 atoms have one more proton than element 2 atoms. 13. Element 3 is not a metal and has one valence electron. 14. In Earth's crust, element 27 is the metal that is found most often. 15. When it's not hot, element 31 is a solid. This element is found in most of the compounds in your body. 16. There are two electrons in element 18. 17. The atomic mass of element 33 is less than that of element 5. 18. Of all the nonmetals, element 32 is the most reactive. 19. A compound found in glass is made up of elements 20 and 19. 20. Element 26 makes glass that doesn't break easily. 21. There are the most of element 19 in the Earth's crust. 1 8 1 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 2 16 4 26 31 7 19 32 33 3 9 6 27 20 15 34 10 2 4 21 30 28 12 25 23 22 5 5 14 1 11 8 17 13 24 29