The unsustainable energy resources like fossil fuel are going to be depleted in the next few decades and the trends in bio-fuel production from biomass are gaining popularity to encounter the expected energy crisis in the world. Ethanol is the most widely used liquid bio-fuel and is produced as a result of fermentation process from sugars, starches or cellulosic biomass including fruit wastes. In this study rotten banana is utilized for bio-ethanol production .Banana waste is used to produce bio-ethanol by fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae .The ethanol production from lignocelluloses material is oxygenated and sulphur free .Carbon in ethanol has a vegetable origin and when it goes on combustion process ,it will not contribute to produce CO2 Emission. The renewable ethanol content , which is produced from banana waste is helpful in a net reduction in the emission of CO2 ,Co and Hydrocarbon .Ethanol itself burns cleaner and burns more completely than gasoline so it is blended with petrol. In Brazil and USA , there are flex fuel vehicles which can run on 85%blended ethanol /gasoline blend. But such vehicles are not present in india, most widely used blending percentage is 20%.
Basically all plant material mainly composed of three units namely cellulose ,Hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose is about 40-50 % and it is main component of plant cell likewise hemicelluloses is about 20-30%.Hemicelluse nothing but macromolecules of repeated polymers of pentose and hexoses. Lignin is about 10-25%.and it contains series of three aromatic alcohols coniferyl alcohol, pcoumeryl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol produced from biosynthetic process and forms a protective seal around the other two components cellulose and hemicellulose .
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The process of converting lignocelluloses biomass to bio-ethanol requires five distinct steps :-
- Biomass delignification to release ocellulose and hemicellulose from lignin–cellulose-hemicellulose complex
- Depolymerisation of hydrolysis of the cellulose and hemicelluloses to produce free sugars
- Fermentation of the free sugars to produce ethanol
- Ethanol recovery
- Effluent Treatment
In present paper work we plan to investigate the different parameters like temperature ,shaking hours and water content on bio-ethanol production by using rotten banana mixture along with proper concentration of enzyme and yeast during fermentation .And to find out is it suitable for use in engine as a fuel by checking properties like viscosity, PH and metal content.
Bio-ethanol concentration
Bio-ethanol concentration was detected by potassium dichromate reagent solution ,s-diphenyl carbazide solution and 40% potassium sodium tartarte solution. This method was of willams and Darwin (1950). The potassium dichromate reagent solution prepared by dissolving 1 gm of potassium dichromate dissolved in 100 ml 6N sulphuric acid .The prepared solution was properly shake in order to prepare homogeneous solution.
The S-diphenyl carbazide solution prepared by1 gm of S-diphenyl carbazide dissolved in 1 ml 95% Ethanol solution ,and supertant is collected . A homogeneous mixture of 1ml of potassium dichromate,1 ml of S-diphenyl carbazide and 1ml of mash sample taken in test tube .The test tube was covered by paraffin film .The test tube heat to 900C by using hot water bath for 5 to 15 minute until look like red brown color then add 1ml of potassium sodium tartrate of 40% strength to stabilize the colour of solution .Then solution is cooled to room temperature in cold water bath. The
Ethanol absorbance values measured at 575 nm wavelength by spectrometer.
Glucose Estimation
Glucose estimated in samples detected by DNS solution that dinitrosalicyclic acid reagent solution, it is produced as 10 gm of DNS acid,2 gm of phenol,0.5 gm of sodium sulphite,10 gm of NaOH,and mixed well in 1 lit of water. Out of this solution ,3 ml of DNS reagent added in 3ml of sample in lightly capped test tube .Then it was heated to 900C until red brown colour appeared. Then add 1ml of 40% potassium tartar ate solution to stable the colour. Then it was cooled to room temperature in cooled water bath. The absorbance value of the reducing sugar measured using spectrophotometer at 575 nm.
Conclusions
It was concluded that banana fruit waste could be used to produce good quality of bio-ethanol, which can be used in engine of motor vehicles .The Engine produced low emissions CO and CO2.It can be a recycling process for solid waste management.
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