The original experiment qualitatively examined the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. This experiment occurred by measuring two concentrations (0.5M and 1M) of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in both powder and solid form 10g of Calcium Carbonate affected the rate of reaction. The original experiment consisted of only one trial and two concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl). This led to the following research question being developed.
Research question
“Does increasing the concentration of 20mL Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) in increments from 1 M – 2 M affect the increase in mass and therefore increase in the rate of reaction of the solute with 10g of calcium carbonate marble chips?”
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Modifications to the methodology
The original method contained was an imprecise experiment that entailed indistinctive instructions concerning hydrochloric acid and (HCI) and Calcium Carbonate. This is because the experiment had inadequate trials and concentration, therefore modifications were made to have a more in depth analysis of the rate of reaction.
In comparison to the original experiment, the modified methodology had alterations made to it by extending more trials and concentrations to gain reliable and exact data to allow the research question answered accurately.
Using five different concentrations of hydrochloric acid instead of just two. As a result of this the data collected would be consistent and not altered by a random error. The five molar concentrations experimented include; 1M, 1.25 M, 1.50 M, 1.75 M and 2.0 M.
Introducing 3 different trials of hydrochloric acid in comparison to just one. Hence this would provide more accuracy in the results by providing enough data to identify trends and consequently outliers.
Identification of trends, patterns and relationships
After analysing the results of graphs, a relationship was identified between the concentration and the mass and rate of reaction. Primarily as the concentration increased, the mass of the solute also increased. This is evident throughout graph 1 as the lowest concentration (1M) formed an average mass of 0.33 grams at 2 minutes and 30 seconds whereas the largest molarity (2M) produced an average mass of 0.93 grams at 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Graph 1 had fairly consistent data which illustrates that the data was accurate meanwhile precise as well and there were no anomalies seen. In graph 2 the calculated rate of reaction and the concentration where compared. The results of this graph consequently supports that as the concentration increases the rate of reaction also increases and is evident when the concentration of 1M, the rate of reaction is 0.14M/s and at 2M it is 0.4M/s. In graph 3, the average mass and rate of reaction were graphed showing that as the mass was increasing the rate of reaction was also increasing. This is evident is evident when the average mass of 1M, the rate of reaction is 0.14M/s and at 2M it is 0.4M/s. Furthermore all the graphs exemplified consistent data where all graphs further proved the research questioned. Therefore, the relationship that when the concentration increases the rate of reaction is also increasing was established.
Conclusion
The research question “Does increasing the concentration of 20mL Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) in increments from 1 M – 2 M affect the increase in mass and therefore increase in the rate of reaction of the solute with 10g of calcium carbonate marble chips?” was answered during the conduction of this investigation. Tables calculations and graphs were made and analysed to identify trends, patterns and relationships in order to find this solution. Henceforth it can be seen that when the concentration of HCL is increased then the rate of reaction with calcium carbonate is also increasing, hence answering the research question. The findings of this study are followed by more empirical observations on collision theory. A substance with a higher concentration contains more of the molecules or ions that react to form reaction products. Although there are less molecules to collide and react with each other if the concentration is low, this reduces the rate of effective collisions (Rates of Reaction, 2020). Albeit there are many limitations and several drawbacks remain, that defects the investigation’s accuracy. It is therefore difficult to reduce uncertainty and human or systemic error to none is not possible as all experiments are not 100% correct. Validation with secondary evidence indicates that the data obtained reflects a particular pattern that is substantiated by what is supposed to prove validity. The following changes should be made to advance this investigation:
References
- Rates of Reaction. (2020). Retrieved from BBC: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z4n82hv/revision/1
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