Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Among many magnificent inventions the human brain has come up with, artificial intelligence remains the most controversial yet the most marvelous. Artificial intelligence has recently started to be discussed both in the world and in our country. Some predict that artificial intelligence will reduce manpower, thus lead to unemployment, while others predict great opportunities.
Artificial intelligence is a set of software and hardware systems that have many abilities such as human behaviors, digital logic, motion, speech and sound perception. In other words, artificial intelligence makes computers think like people. The main goal of artificial intelligence is to make the computers clever. 'Artificial intelligence' name was given in 1955 by John McCarthy. Examples for AI can be considered as SIRI which turned 9, Tesla’s first Autopilot program is also 9 and Alexa is less than 5 years old.
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Applications and Developments in AI
The most important application areas of artificial intelligence are as follows: voice recognition, image processing, natural language processing and procedure. Voice recognition technology has now leveled up. Artificial intelligence not only recognizes the voice, but also comes to the level of understanding and responding to the voice. Voice recognition technology is not only used in our smart phones like Siri, Cortana or other virtual assistants. It is possible to see products about voice recognition technology in every part of our lives. Image processing is used at many points in our lives. Driverless vehicles need to understand their surroundings in order to move more safely. Image processing turns pixels into code. One of the best examples of image processing is the driverless vehicle that understands and moves people, animals, traffic lights, warning signs. As in other artificial intelligence applications, there are many subheadings and fields of use in the field of natural language processing. In the simplest example, search algorithms like Google have been developed to answer with sentences like “Did you mean that?”, or “Did you want to say that”. It is worth remembering that Google is now more than the search engine example. First of all, it is useful to define the reasoning. Reasoning means judging by listening to two sides with arguments against each other. This is one of the most difficult areas for artificial intelligence. It is very important that the created AI filter a few events and make the most logical and rational decision. For example, in one case, the judge's ability to distinguish the guilty from the innocent depends on his/her judgment. Here, according to the evidence of artificial intelligence and the ability to reason, filtering events, it is possible to distinguish a criminal from an innocent.
Diverse Opinions on AI’s Future
There are many theories about the future of artificial intelligence. These theories are mostly subject to films. It extends to discussions involving CEOs of today's giant companies. Elon Musk, founder and CEO of Tesla, expressed concern about the developments in artificial intelligence. Musk, who has negative opinions about artificial intelligence, introduced Tesla Model S, a driverless vehicle that went to itself in recent months despite its negative opinions. Famous physicist Stephen Hawking implied that artificial intelligence will bring the end of humanity: “Artificial intelligence will be the last invention of humanity”. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg once said: “My views on this issue are very clear. I'm optimistic. I do not understand charitable and apocalyptic scenario. I find it really negative, and in some ways, irresponsible”. Contrary to all negative views, he emphasized that artificial intelligence is positive in its future.
AI: A Threat or a Savior?
But is artificial intelligence good or bad for us, is it a thread or a savior? To be able to give answer to this question, we should first know the meaning of the words treat and savior. By definition threat is a statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for something done or not done. On the other hand, savior means a person or thing that saves someone or something from danger or difficulty. The main idea of the given question is whether artificial intelligence is a good and helpful thing for humans and universe or is it actually the real catastrophe that can happen.
Artificial intelligence programs require people to recognize complex data patterns and benefit from their experience. But it is still questionable how long it will need people. As artificial intelligence develops, it will unfortunately make many businesses unnecessary. Although the margins of error are considered to be zero, this is not the case. It can also cause severe damage to the country and the company in the event of an error. Of course, not to be so pessimistic. There are both positive and negative aspects of artificial intelligence. We can also talk about the benefits of artificial intelligence in areas such as search algorithms, automotive, modern GPS systems and health services.
The history of AI is an interesting one to discover, however it is obvious that with the gradual passage of time AI has only improved day by day. And this takes AI from only managing machinery to even making decisions. And when it comes to decisions AI makes rational objective decisions which are of vital importance in the management of either organizations, companies or even communities. Decision making was a gift given to humans only, even though it is obvious that humans are not the most objective decision makers they are indeed creative decision makers, and learn from experience. Now, artificial intelligence has the ability to make decisions but what is different is that artificial intelligence do not make creative decisions neither learn from experiences. Even though these traits are not part of AI this day, they might be equipped with in the future and if that happens, artificial intelligence would be able to make decisions same as humans make now.
Economic and Industrial Implications of AI
There are a lot of positive sides even now where AI decision making makes human lives much easier. AI includes the automation of cognitive and physical tasks. It helps people do tasks faster and better and make better decisions. It enables the automation of decision making without human involvement. AI can enhance automation thus reducing intensive human labor and dull tasks. There are many more ways in which AI is making a difference. With smart weather forecasting, for example, AI is bridging the gap between data scientists and climate scientists. This gives companies the opportunity to fight disaster with algorithms. The world is about to witness a great impact of AI on the economy and humans. According to McKinsey Global Institute’s research, AI could deliver an additional output of $13 trillion to the world economy by 2030, which would boost global GDP by nearly 1.2 percent a year. Acting as a capital-hybrid, AI can aid the growth of both the economy and humans. It will definitely have a revolutionary impact on the decision-making process. For this reasons AI is used in some type of businesses nowadays and according to the researches it will be used in all kind of businesses and other professions too.
The industrial use of AI has many positive implications, one of them being time, AI systems can better work with no mistakes, and they can work continuously without being tired, and would definitely cost much less compared to the long-term cost of human wages. But on the other hand, the replacement of people with AI would cause massive unemployment, and high unemployment rates that would automatically affect the life standard in many negative ways. There are predictions talking about millions of unemployed people in the next decades — primarily due to the impact of intelligent automation and AI systems. In any case, the entire socioeconomic system is entering a phase of accelerating transformation: markets, businesses, education, government, social welfare, and employment models will be severely impacted.
Tasks that are monotonous, can be easily automated; this can gradually make certain roles obsolete. For instance, tasks and activities related to customer care/call center operation, document classification, discovery and retrieval, content moderation are more and more based on technology and automation and less on human work. The same is true for roles related to operation and support of production lines and factories: humans are being replaced by smart robots that can safely navigate the space, find and move objects (such as products, parts or tools) or perform complex assembling operations. AI proves to be very effective in handling even more complex activities - those requiring processing of multiple signals, data streams and accumulated knowledge in real-time. A characteristic case is the autonomous vehicles that can capture and ‘understand’ the environment and its dynamics; they can ‘see’, decide and act in real-time, towards well-defined optimization objectives.
It is also obvious that the cost of AI is a high one. This high cost causes an enormous of financial materials used, which in the other hand might be used for many other purposes which await to be solved by exactly financial equipment.
AI in Agriculture and Sustainability
In agriculture, new AI developments show advances in gaining yield and to increase the research and development of growing crops. AI now predicts the time it takes for a crop like a vegetable to be ripe and ready for picking thus increasing the efficiency of farming. These advances go on including crop and soil monitoring, agricultural robots, and predictive analytics. Crop and soil monitoring uses new algorithms and data collected in the field to manage and track the health of crops making it easier and more sustainable for the farmers. Other specializations of AI in agriculture include greenhouse automation, simulation, modeling and optimization techniques. Due to the rise in population and the increase in demand for food in the future, there will need to be at least a 70% boost in yield from agriculture to support this new demand. More and more of the public perceives that the adaption of these new techniques and the use of AI will help reach that goal.
Conclusion: Balancing AI Advancements and Precautions
Considering the mentioned points in the above paragraphs, AI have both benefits, but also drawbacks, and in my opinion the drawbacks outweigh the benefits since AI costs a lot, need maintenance and might even come to the point where it becomes a threat to the most intelligence species. No matter how objective, fast and logical AI is, it can never, ever replace the natural intelligence whom natured endowed humans with. We can utilize AI to aid in our lives, but we should be careful not to go too far, because right there, where we pass the yellow line, we do not have any prediction or any power over AI.
As a result, we must stay behind science and advances and continue to work and take full advantage of technology. However, we should not abandon the precaution and continue these works for the purpose of a better world. Because goodness should always be in the forefront if we want the technological developments to be beneficial to humanity and the world, otherwise we may be faced with the fact that the world becomes a very difficult place to live.
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