Virus-induced-gene-silencing is an approach of reverse genetics that has been successfully used for to study gene fucntion. It is employed at postranscriptional level by taking advantage of plant defence mechanism against parasite infection. Usually, after viral infection, plants produce double stranded RNA (dsRNA) to degrade RNA viruses. By simulating this approach, in VIGS , genes underlying pathogeneic effects on host...
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Introduction Encouraging as many students to study botany is becoming a major priority for universities across our globe. The Royal Society of Biology have highlighted the lack of plant based teaching in current tertiary education [1]. Out of a total of 130 UK universities only 22 offer any sort of plant/botany based degree as of October 2018. The Boyer Commission...
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Abstract Plants play a significant role in human life. Plants area unit helpful for manufacturing oxygen(O2) by taking the carbon dioxide(CO2) that is free by humans by the method of chemical change. The chemical {process| chemical change| chemical action} process is principally applied by leaves. The diseases that cause plants area unit on leaves because of the microorganism, fungi, etc....
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Introduction Do you eat meat? If you don't, you can still enjoy all the rich and savory flavors of meat through Plant Based Meat. In this memorandum i will be focusing on three main concerns about plant based meat. What are the disadvantages of eating plant based meat? What are the advantages of eating plant based meat? What would happen...
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In the late 1800s, the endomembrane system was first discovered by scientist Camillo Golgi, which was the start point of this special type of transport in cell. Endomembrane traffic in eukaryotic cells have many functions within cell growth and plant development, partially as a means of communication and balancing membrane system. (Serge Feyder et al. 2015) Thanks to Randy Schekman...
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Abstract The effect of light wavelength on the rate of photosynthesis in baby spinach leaves was determined by recording the consumption of carbon dioxide for four minutes. Red, blue, and green light were tested to determine which color increased the rate of photosynthesis the most. Each color has a specific range of wavelengths to describe it, and the closer the...
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The communications between a plant and the microbes surrounding it are extremely powerful and complicated. Remarkably, the immune system of plant is considered to have a significant contribution in characterizing the microbiome structure of plant. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking in an innate immune response called SAR (System acquired resistance) that have manifested variations in formation of bacterial community of rhizospheric...
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There has been an evident growth in the demand for plant-based alternatives in food within contemporary society, mostly due to increasing consumer concerns over the environment, health as well as animal welfare (Lang, 2020). Thus, it may appear tempting to switch to a plant-based menu in-order to capture value from this rising demand. The present paper seeks to examine the...
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Summary This report is to identify the native versus exotic plant species that have visited by the most insect pollinators in the urban greenspace by the monitoring program which is conducted by the citizen scientists and discuss the management strategies that can enhance the pollinator diversity with the help from people in the world. Pollinators is suggested to be the...
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Abstract When plants and crops are affected by pests it affects the agricultural production of the country. Usually farmers or experts observe the plants with naked eye for detection and identification of disease. But this method can be time processing, expensive and inaccurate. Automatic detection using image processing techniques provide fast and accurate results. This project is concerned with a...
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A Guide to Microorganisms in Plant Biotech for Investors explains the science of CRISPR, the role of microorganisms in plant biotech and particularly how the evolution of these related systems are destined to ensure long term continued food security here in Australia and worldwide. The aim of this case study is to summarise findings from a document review carried out...
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Abstract Disease detection is crucial to scale back the losses in agricultural product yield and amount.Plant disease analyses include the study of variations found on the farm. Monitoring the security and identification of infections on plants is incredibly vital for organic farming. Manually, plant diseases can not be tracked simply in farms that contain completely different crops. This wants an...
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Abstract Optimization of the plant population is one of the most important aspect for better growth and development of the crops. Optimum population of the plants is required to utilize all the growth factors viz. nutrients, water, light and space. If space is not properly utilized then there can be the more weed infestation which highly affects the crop production....
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Pant breeding Plant breeding in a simple language is genetic improvement of plants for the best economic productivity. It could also be defined in terms of art and science of changing and improving the hereditary of plants. History Plant breeding was practiced first when people learned to look for superior plants to harvest for seed, thus selection became the earliest...
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RATIONALE In this investigation I am going to be investigating how minerals affect the growth of plants and perceive the essential minerals that the vegetation requires to develop efficiently. The motive why I am going to research how minerals influence the plant increase is to be able to detect a less expensive alternative manner to make fertiliser, which can reduce...
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Plant communication: the big question Plants can communicate too. They can detect other plants next to or around them and respond accordingly. They can do this by a number of ways, one way is secreting certain chemicals into the soil to affect how their neighbouring plants grow and behave, depending on how crowded they find their neighbourhood to be. As...
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Soil salinity is a major constraint that adversely affects crop yields in many parts of the world. About one billion hectares of land is adversely affected by salinity worldwide, due to flooding and ocean surge, soil salinity increases by 10% annually (FAO, 1988). High sodium ion (Na+) concentration which is the major cause of salinity is toxic to the plant...
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Abstract With increase in population the need for food is on rise, in such circumstances, plant diseases prove to be a major threat to agricultural produce and result in disastrous consequences for farmers. Early detection of plant disease can help in ensuring food security and controlling financial losses. The images of diseased plants can be used to identify the diseases....
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Abstract Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to grow plant cells, tissue, organs and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro. Plant tissue culture used to create large number of clones from a single explant and it is easy to select the desirable traits. Plant tissue culture technique is very helpful in genetically modified....
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Flowers are grown all over the world in gardens, greenhouses and in the wilderness naturally, and are shipped across huge distances. While the flower is still attached to the plant the flower benefits from the sugars that the plant's leaves manufacture through the process of photosynthesis (SFGate, Unknown). Photosynthesis is the process used by plants to harness energy from sunlight...
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Abstract Photosynthesis is the solar energy- dependent process on which food production for human existence ultimately depends. Each day passes with 854 million people hungry and, for that reason, the United Nations Millennium Declaration committed the world’s nations to ‘eradicate extreme poverty and hunger’. Sixty percent of the world’s population lives in Asia, where each hectare of land used for...
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The beginning of plant transitions happened a couple million years ago,it was hard to figure out the dates because they were not much fossil evidence available to observe and calculate. The cooperative arrangement with fungi aided in the transition and developed into a Bryophytes ,for example, mosses, liverworts and hornworts and Tracheophyta such as ferns and other plants. Most plants...
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ABSTRACT Inter specific hybridization was made between susceptible greengram variety CO 5 and wild Vigna sp. Crossed seeds were raised in field condition for testing the MYMV incidence. F1 showed dominant resistance reaction against MYMV disease incidence. The field growing F2 populations of C0 5 x wild Vigna sp cross produced a wide range of segregant viz., susceptible, parental and...
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Agricultural cloning is used widely by farmers hoping to produce the most efficient and advantageous crops. One reason that a farmer would clone a specific plant within a crop is because that plant may demonstrate resistance toward a pest or infection. (“Why successful plant cloning is important”, 2017). Additionally, a farmer may want to clone a plant due to a...
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Below habitat loss, the invasive plants and animals are identified as the second significant danger to the biodiversity in Yukon. Yukon refers to the Canadian territory that lies in North America. In other North American leadership, a lot of invasive plants are held accountable for habitat destruction, the loss of sustenance resources, and lastly economic damage. Invasive species are referred...
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Summary The report is based on a case study on the tree planting project along the Bloor Avenue in Bloor-Yorkville. It covers the aspects of rezoning this area so as to ensure that it has residential areas as well instead of the usual office apartments and retail stores. This has necessitated the planting of trees in the area. The rezoning...
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Let’s start with where the Pisonia tree is found. It is an indigenous tree species indigenous to the tropical waters of the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. When talking about a cruel and a savage plant, the Pisonia just fits the bill. But, how does this thing happen and the tree claim the lives of many birds? Experts studying the...
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Introduction Nowadays, rapid climate change occurs due to active urbanization, as the growth of cities contributes to the urban heat-island effect (Gill et al., 2007). City trees play a critical role in ameliorating the heat-island effect and in removing particulate matter (PM) from the air (Gill et al., 2007). Consequently, increasing the number of city trees in spatial design could...
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Robert Frost was a prolific American poet born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco. Although he holds the absolute record for the number of Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry awarded to a single person, Frost struggled to find any recognition in his early years. In fact, he had to work at a farm for some time just to support his...
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Introduction The question about whether a tree falling in the forest makes a sound when there is no one to hear it is a philosophical puzzle, which has elicited unending debates in various circles. As Livingston argues, humans need coherent answers to archetypal patterns (12), and thus the answer to this question could be “yes” or “no” depending on how...
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