Intro to Nursing Final 2022

1. Who was responsible for the mass migration in the 20th century? Cadet Nurse Corps 2. What could change the historical status of nurses of predominantly female profession? More male graduates 3. The racial and ethnic composition of the nursing profession will change to more accurately reflect the population as a whole when: The increased numbers of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in educational programs graduate and begin to practice. 4. Which of the following best describes trends in nursing education:Numbers of RNs with bachelor's and higher degrees are increasing. 5. Despite the variety of work settings available to the RN, data indicate that the primary work site for RNs is: acute care hospitals 6. Which of the following statements is correct about community health nursing (CHN)?Prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN. 7. The major benefit of serving as a military nurse is:the financial support to seek advanced degrees. 8. What has been found about the outcomes of patients cared for in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses as compared to patients in hospitals with a lower percentage of BSN-prepared nurses?Outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN-prepared nurses. 9. One important advantage of the evolution of nursing informatics is that:informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs and skills of nurses who use them in mind. 10. NPs are advanced practice nurses who:can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions. 11. Hospice and palliative care nursing is a rapidly developing specialty in nursing. Which facts have contributed to this growth? (Select all that apply.) End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses, End-of-life needs are expected to increase with the aging population, Hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings. 12. Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would later become a model for early nursing education? Florence Nightingale 13. To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red Cross? Clara Barton 14. What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by Mary Breckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse? She demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in rural settings. 15. What specialty of nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when other areas were excluding men from practicing? Psychiatric nursing 16. When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest in honesty and ethics? Nurse 17. What was the most important influence of war on nursing? Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war. 18. Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. This designation is based on: her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in Scutari. 19. The diversity of the population entering the health care system is a challenge for nurses because: ethnic minority nurses do not yet meet the same proportions in the profession as in the general population. 20. Margaret Sanger, as a nurse and activist, worked on the Lower East Side of New York City in the early 1900s with immigrant women. What was the focus of her work? Safe contraception and family planning for women 21. Provisions of the Affordable Care Act include (Select all that apply.)the right to appeal coverage decisions. recommended preventive services without out-of-pocket cost to consumers, children up to age 26 being allowed to stay on parents' insurance, disallowing denial of coverage for children and teens' preexisting conditions. 22. Which early nursing theorist recognized therapeutic milieu, assessment skills, and a unique body of knowledge in her definition of nursing? FLorence Nightingale 23. The legal definition of nursing for any particular state can be found in the:state's nurse practice act. 24. Which of the following is an example of formal socialization into the profession of nursing?Starting an intravenous (IV) line in the simulation laboratory under faculty guidance. 25. Which of the following is an example of informal socialization into a profession?Nurses discussing a patient care issue in the presence of other nurses. 26. A nursing student says to the clinical faculty, "I know I will be able to care for this patient given your directions." In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student? Stage I: Unilateral dependence 27. A nursing student asks, "Why do I have to go to clinical in obstetrics when I know I'll never work with women and children?" In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student?Stage II: Negativity/independence 28. Benner describes five stages of nursing proficiency as students develop into expert nurses. Which of the following is not a stage of development described by Benner? Inexpert beginner 29. A mother asks the nurse if her 5-year-old can visit his twin brother in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after cardiac surgery. The nurse denies the request because hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit the PICU. This illustrates which of Benner's stages of nursing proficiency? Novice 30. A 5-year-old with a twin brother is admitted to the PICU after cardiac surgery. Hospital policy does not allow individuals younger than 12 years of age to visit the PICU. The nurse recognizes the needs of the patient and his brother and suggests that the mother bring her son to visit his brother briefly in the afternoon when the unit is usually quiet. This illustrates which of Brenner's stages of nursing proficiency? Expert practitioner. 31. A nurse observes a new graduate nurse being harassed by co-workers when asking questions or requesting help. What action by the nurse is best?Respectfully confront the staff and explain that this behavior is not part of nursing. 32. Which of the following strategies may help to overcome reality shock in the novice nurse?Participating in a preceptorship 33. Black illustrates concepts of preventing burnout by using the example of a flight attendant instructing persons to "put your own oxygen mask on first." What does this statement mean?Taking care of yourself will enable you to be a better nurse. 34. Which of the following was recognized earliest as a true profession? Ministry 35. A component that separates occupations from professions is commitment. Which of the following is the best way that nurses can show commitment to each other?Mentoring nursing students and novice nurses 36. The nursing profession has experienced barriers to professionalism. Which of the following is the primary current barrier to nursing's professionalism? Variability of educational backgrounds of nurses 37. A barrier to professionalism attributed to nursing's roots in altruism is illustrated when a nurse:feels guilty for expecting to be paid well for work. 38. One of the characteristics of a profession identified by Kelly was "there is an organization (association) that encourages and supports high standards of practice." Which of the following illustrates a concern for nursing meeting this characteristic?The membership of the ANA is less than 10% of all nurses. 39. Which American university opened the first nursing school as a separate department within the university? Yale 40. Which of the following is true about bachelor's of science in nursing (BSN) education?It is recommended by professional organizations as preparation for entry into practice. 41. Which recommendation made by the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) position paper and other position papers of national nursing organizations is still an issue today? Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree. 42. Which type of basic nursing education program graduates the largest number of RNs in the United States today?Associate degree programs 43. All levels of nursing educational programs can be accredited by which organization? Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) 44. Florence Nightingale established a school of nursing based on which of the following innovative principles? (Select all that apply.) Professional nurses should be paid for their instruction in the school, The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but independent of it, The curriculum should include theory and practical experience. 45. Which of the following is not included as an overarching goal of Healthy People 2020? Lengthening the average lifespan by a decade 46. Which of the following is characteristic of public agencies? They provide health care services at the national, state, and local levels. 47. Which of the following is not a public agency?American Red Cross 48. A health care agency that uses its profits to better the institution rather than paying stockholders would be classified as a:not-for-profit agency 49. An agency that treats temporary health dysfunction requiring intervention to prevent complications is providing which level of health care?Secondary Care 50. Differences between treatment outcomes for different populations are known as:health care disparities 51. Which of the following is not recognized as part of the role of the nurse as a member of the health care team?Performance of physician functions under direct supervision of a physician 52. Which of the following is a characteristic of the team model of nursing care delivery? Each member of the team uses his or her abilities to the fullest in patient care. 53. The care delivery model in which a registered nurse provides direct care and also has 24-hour responsibility for updating the patient's plan of care is known as: primary nursing 54. What service is covered by Medicare, part D?prescription drug costs 55. Which of the following is an effective method for the practicing nurse to achieve leadership skills?Becoming active in professional organizations 56. The American Nurses Association (ANA) serves as the:professional organization for all nurses regardless of practice setting or level of practice 57. A nurse is contemplating a political leadership position and wonders if she/he has the desired characteristics to make a good leader. Which of the following traits is inconsistent with a good leader? Solves problems methodically using a strict model. 58. A variety of benefits result from membership in professional organizations, including which of the following (select all that apply).Opportunities to develop personal leadership skills, Availability of practice guidelines to influence policy development, Continuing education opportunities. 59. The nurse practice act of a state defines the scope and responsibilities of nursing practice in that state. Which of the following is true regarding nurse practice acts?They determine the educational requirements for licensure. 60. The most common reason that nurses are disciplined by the state board of nursing is: practicing while impaired 61. What is the primary function of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)?Developing the NCLEX-RN® and NCLEX-PN® licensing examinations 62. Which of the following nursing responsibilities can never be delegated?Accountability 63. The RN delegates changing a sterile dressing over a central line to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN). The LPN/LVN contaminated the site during the dressing change, and an infection developed in the patient. Which of the following statements is true?The RN is ultimately responsible for acts he or she delegates. 64. In which of the following situations should the legality of an informed consent be questioned?Patient who received a preoperative dose of Demerol before giving consent 65. Which of the following actions is acceptable as an exception to a nurse's obligation regarding confidentiality?Reporting certain diseases to public health authority 66. Which patient rights are guaranteed by HIPAA?Patients are protected against medical records being indiscriminately shared. 67. The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991, as implemented today, is known as providing: advance directives. 68. Which of the following is an important step in preventing legal action against the nurse?Develop caring, therapeutic relationships with patients. 69. Respecting an elderly woman's decision to stay in her own home is based on a belief in the ethical principle of:autonomy 70. A school nurse teaching school-aged children about water safety is an example of which ethical principle?Beneficence 71. A nurse who advocates for a longer stay when a medically indigent patient is being prematurely discharged to reduce hospital cost is relying on which ethical principle?Justice 72. A patient who is terminally ill is experiencing great pain. To relieve the patient's suffering, the nurse needs to administer larger doses of morphine. This relieves the pain but also inhibits respiration. Which principle justifies the risk of harm?Double effect 73. Taking a pediatric patient to the playroom on a promised time and day is based on the belief in the ethical principle of:fidelity 74. Answering a terminally ill child's questions about his or her condition honestly is based on a belief in the ethical principle of:veracity 75. Which of the following is the best description of a code of ethics?A document that permits others to know what principles guide professional decision making. 76. Which of the following are activities in the ethical decision making process? (Select all that apply.) Brainstorm with others involved to identify all possible solutions, Determine if the people who are affected by the dilemma have value conflicts, Evaluate the action taken to determine whether it accomplished its purpose. 77. Which of the following is a correct statement about the registered nurse population? The rate of aging RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30 years 78. Which of the following nursing roles is not considered an advanced practice role? Community health nurse 79. Who was the first formally-educated and licensed African American nurse in the United States?Mary Eliza Mahoney 80. What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in the 1900s?Female, sensitive, subservient 81. Which of the following leaders, because of her work in the Henry Street Settlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing?Lillian Wald 82. Which of the following events occurring during the first decade of the 20th century brought sweeping changes to nursing?Nurses had to pass a licensing exam to use the title RN 83. Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second half of the 20th century still continues today? Provision of care to the poor, elderly and disabled through medicare and medicaid 84. What was the purpose of the Hill-Burton act?It established funding for the construction of hospitals 85. The quality of nursing care is judged by whether nursing actions meet the standard of care. Which of the following is an example of meeting the standard of care?Demonstrating the use of the nursing process when charting 86. Which of the following is a nursing responsibility regarding informed consent?serving as a witness, ensuring that the patient does not feel coerced into a decision 87. The RN asked a nursing assistant to monitor several postoperative patients. Which of the following instructions to the nursing assistant demonstrate appropriate delegation? Record the urine output, and report to me if they have not voided within 4 hours 88. The nurse giving medications to a pediatric patient notes that in order for a medication is considerably larger than the usual dose. The nurse looks up the medication in a pharmacology book and finds the prescribed dose is too large. What action should the nurse take?notifying the physician of these findings before giving the medication 89. A nursing student got a thank you card from a patient's family and had another student take a photo of the student with the family. The student asks the nursing instructor if it would be all right to post the photo on Facebook. Which response by the instructor is the best?No, posting pictures of patients and families on social media sites is not acceptable. 90. A nursing student got a thank you card from a patient's family and had another student take a photo of the student with the family. The student asks the nursing instructor if it would be all right to post the photo on Facebook. Which response by the instructor is the best?No, posting pictures of patients and families on social media sites is not acceptable. 91. A competent resident in a long-term care facility refuses an ordered antidepressant medication. The nurse believes the patient needs the medication because he is clearly showing signs of depression and dissolves the medication in juice without telling the patient. This illustrates negligence by commission due to:the failure to communicate proper education and respect his autonomy 92. An impact of health care cost-containment measures on nursing has been: the concern about the assurance of quality care 93. Which of the following is a responsibility of many nurse executives (chief nursing officers)?responsible for all nursing care within a hospital 94. within a nursing shared governance model, the role of the clinical nursing staff is to:adhere to standards and quality benchmarks to ensure professional practice 95. The school health clinic treats common health problems, as well as conducting health promotion and illness prevention activities. This clinic provides which level of health care?primary care 96. A new graduate nurse is in the fifth week of working on a busy surgical unit. The nurse tells a friend about witnessing some patient care that was "appalling." What should the nurse do?Talk to the other nurses involved in the situation about the concerns 97. A nursing student says, "I can now see how developing care plans helps organize my thoughts and patient care." In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student? stage III: dependence/mutuality 98. The purpose of mandatory continuing education for license renewal is to:ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge 99. Which of the following is the primary distinction between licensure and certification?certification validates a high level of proficiency 100. The earliest type of formal nursing education program was the:diploma program 101. The Goldmark report focused on what aspect of nursing?desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings 102. The document that provides professional standards and a framework for pro decision making that ensures decisions are made with the highest integrity is the:code of ethics 103. Which of the following best describes the difference between an occupation and a profession?a profession requires a duty to serve 104. Similarities exist between various ideas about what constitutes a profession. Which of the following is believed to be a characteristic of a profession?members have autonomy 105. Which of the following characteristics of a profession were listed in Flexner's work on professions?activities of professions are based on their own body of knowledge 106. An 82-year-old patient comes into the Emergency Department where you are working with what you think is a broken hip. She is in a great deal of pain but you are hesitant to give her pain medication because you want to make sure she is able to give informed consent in case she needs surgery. Your nurse manager thinks the patient needs pain medication immediately. The underlying ethical principle of the nurse manager's decision is:beneficence 107. You see on facebook that a colleague who works on your floor has written about a patient with info that could possibly identify the patient. The ethical principle that is most violated by this action is: fidelity 108. A patient for whom you are caring has just come back from the tropics. He is 52 years old with stable vital signs except for a fever of 102.8 degrees for the past 4 days. He has no significant medical or surgical history. He is distressed about being sick and hospitalized. He wants to go home. His care team would like to keep him in the hospital and on isolation precautions until they find out what is causing his fever. The patient is threatening to sign out against medical advice. He asks your opinion of what he should do. The ethical principle underlying your thoughts about the patient staying in the hospital would be: nonmaleficence 109. Which of the following situations is an example of moral distress?You hear the nurses in the lounge making off-color jokes about a patient. You are afraid to speak up for fear of retaliation.