Dementia (Ad-Alzheimers Disease)

dementia (AD alzheimer's disease.)dementia-broad term used to describe detenoration of cognitive functioningdoes & refer to a spuifi desease, but rather to a collection of symptomscommon types of dementraAD. - Alzhummirs diseaseusually ineversibleCVAgradual onset.Frontotemporal lobar degenerationlewy body diseaseParkinsons diseasemixed pathologiesAD- most common cause of demention.Severe memory loss IS 0 a normal part of agingslight forgetfulness IS a normal phenomonon of agency, but & (NOT)when it interberes T/ones ability to function'AD obtem begins T/a workering of the ability to remember newinformation ,but IS marked by progressive detenoration In othercognitive functions as well, such as problem solving, and learning,along 7/a decline in the ability to perform AOLS.SIS of dementia (ADglobal cognitive impaiment in judgement, insight, lan guage,tasking recognition and gradual personality changesexecutive functions decreased-can't plan, organize,8c quence and abstractunemony imparmentpersonality changesaphasia - loss of languageapraxia - loss of purposeful movementagnosia - -loss of ability to recognize objectsagraphia- - loss of ability to read/writeHyperorality - inserting inapproprate things in monthHypermetammerphosis compulsion to town every obrect in sightdebense mechanisms used In the early stages of AD.- Demai-refuses to believe that changes are happenings.- confabulation making stones, 0 lying, make up stones toprotect their in and & anxiety. its an unconscioness attemptto save their 84f - esteem.- per severation - repeating phrases/behaviors. They rustrepeat what you said, do & actually remember- avoidence of questions stages of ADTotal of 7from mild to severeStage 1-0515 -Stagell-mild changesstagellt hild cognitive delmestage IV - mod cognitive deelmedelusions.Stage VI - severe cognitive deeline (sundawning/womanning begin)stage VII- very severe cogntive decline(musile require assistance a thusstane/difficulty can due d/t aspirationbodyly jerking risk for insury and death.)Icauses of AD.neurotibillary tangles - & transport of nutnents w/in news ells-amyloid plagnes - protein fragments usually dimmated bythe bodyaccumulate.APOE 4 lipoprotein gene (r r/o alzhumers)NT - acetylcholiniindividuals t/hx of head trauma are a increased riskinternentionssupporting CGassessing safety and implementing safety regimentremore potential dangersin environment.assess risk for fallsassesstendences to wander.assess discombort /painprovide rest periods to prevent bangne and reduce stress.monitor nutrition and weight.one simple direction at a timeavoid brustrating patient by quizzing clomentation questions that cannot be answered.use distraction rather than confrontation to manage behavior.provide consistency (CG,Physical environment, and daily routine)low simulationprovide wes (current events, seasons, locations, and names to assistlimit # of choices to & cause anxiety.use symbols rather than written signs to assist In locating room, RR, or other area.TXomeperilS/C Al winess, Gl upsets HA, insommia.RivashammieBalantomine Donepezil -administered during mil d-mud stages.memantine -given dumy mo1-severe stage of ADatropical anti psychoticsSSRIestrogen therapy can 0 prevent Ab ,but will 0 lower pre-existingcognitive deficts.