Communication Management in Administration

COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN ADMINISTRATION A. Understanding Communication Management Basically, communication management is a combination of communication concepts with management theory to be applied in various settings where communication occurs. Communication management is the systematic planning, implementation, monitoring, and revision of all communication channels within an organization, and between organizations; it also includes the organization and deployment of new communications directions connected to organizations, networks, or communications technologies. So, the meaning of communication management is how people manage the communication process in relation to other parties in the context of communication. Communication management will form a communication flow to create non-overlapping coordination and to provide solutions if differences of opinion occur between individuals. B. Communication Management According to Expert Views Several experts explain the meaning of communication management, including: a. Michael Kaye The definition of communication management according to Michael Kaye (1994) is how people manage their communication processes with other people in various communication contexts. For example, in interpersonal communication situations, group communication and mass communication. b. Parag Diwan According to Parag Diwan (1999), communication management is the process of using various communication resources in an integrated manner through the process of planning, organizing, implementing and controlling communication elements to achieve predetermined goals. c. Joan Gratto Liebler and Larry L. Barker According to Liebler and Barker, the definition of communication management is a systematic process between members of an organization in carrying out management functions to complete work through a process of negotiating understanding between one or more individuals aimed at achieving common goals. C. Functions and Benefits of Communication Management There are two main functions of communication management in business, namely as a tool to equalize the understanding of all members in the business and as a tool to mobilize other members in accordance with the information provided. In this case, a manager will play the role of ordering team members to work according to the desired instructions with the aim of generating profits for the organization. Not only that, communication management can also be implemented to maintain relationships between company members. Without good communication it can cause internal conflict which can lead to suboptimal cooperation. Here are some other functions of communication management in business: a. Communication Management as Control Managers will act to control member behavior through information such as member rules or regulations. With this, every member's movement must be based on the rules that have been set by the company to avoid conflict. b. Communication Management as Motivation The manager will provide direction to members so that they can motivate members to work well according to company standards. c. Communication Management as a Form of Emotional Expression A business or company that has good communication management will also form good coordination between teams. That way, communication can be a tool for expressing members' emotions. So that it can minimize problems that occur due to individual personal conflicts, such as dissatisfaction with the salary they receive. d. Communication Management as a Tool for Delivering Information As explained in the definition of communication management above, the purpose of communication is as a tool to convey information and determine alternatives as a wise decisionmaking step. D. Communication Management Objectives Basically, the purpose of communication management is to be a means of interacting well so that you can understand and understand how to communicate with other parties. Communication management is also a means of information that shapes how to interact with other people. Several goals of communication management in society in general, including; developing professional interactions, forming goodwill, fostering a sense of tolerance, mutual cooperation (mutual understanding), mutual appreciation (mutual appreciation), and obtaining favorable opinions, both in internal and external relations. E. Forms and Examples of Communication Management According to George R. Terry, communication management in organizations consists of 5 important components, including: a. Formal Communication Communication between superiors and subordinates that requires special arrangements. This type of communication is used in formal communication channels, has authority and responsibility, namely through verbal and written instructions in accordance with functional procedures that apply from superiors to subordinates or vice versa. Example: Company regulations regarding working hours as stated in the employment contract. b. Non-Formal Communication Communication that does not require special arrangements and usually occurs spontaneously. This type of communication generally occurs spontaneously. For example, providing input regarding duties and responsibilities at work. Example: Organization members express opinions and input when receiving assignments. c. Informal Communication Communication is carried out to discuss things outside of work. This type of communication places more emphasis on human relationships. Example: Two employees tell each other about their personal lives outside of work. d. Technical Communications Communication that aims to convey certain strategies to other people. Example: A marketing manager explains the technical ways of marketing via social media. e. Procedural Communication Communication that is applied to create a company performance report. Meanwhile, according to Onong Uchjana Effendy, communication in management can be grouped into three parts, including: 1) Vertical Communication Almost the same as formal communication, this communication is a reciprocal relationship between superiors and subordinates through a communication ethic. This vertical communication flow is reciprocal in carrying out management functions, it can be from top to bottom (downward communication) or from bottom to top (upward communication). 2) Horizontal Communication Communication between employees or between leaders in an organization or company. In other words, horizontal communication is the flow of communication that occurs at one level in the organization. 3) External Communication Communication between the company and other companies or organizations outside the company. F. Communication Management in Adult Interaction In his book entitled "Communication Management", Michael Kaye says that the adult communication model can be analogous to a Russian Matryoshka doll. Kaye said that the smallest doll of a Matryoshka doll is a part that depicts a self. Understanding yourself is a very important stage in achieving effective self-management. This means that the intrapersonal communication that occurs must include ways of thinking, perception, memory and sensation. The second, larger doll that wraps the smallest doll is analogous to an interpersonal doll. This interpersonal focus relates to how a person can relate to other people, as well as how that person can interact with other people in communication activities that build meaning. The third doll is analogous to the people-in-system doll. This section focuses on a social system or organization in which a person works and is able to have an impact on him from the way he communicates with other people in that system. The fourth doll is analogous to a competence doll, this section focuses more on enveloping all the other dolls. This competency is very important to understand because it will really help understand all levels of Matryoshka dolls.