Obstetrics Disease Concept Map

Bronchiolitis Disease Process Pathophysiology The virus spreads from the upper respiratory tract to the medium and small bronchi and bronchioles, causing epithelial necrosis and initiating an inflammatory response. The developing edema and exudate result in partial obstruction. Complete obstruction and absorption of the trapped air may lead to multiple areas of atelectasis. Bronchiolitis occurs when a virus infects the bronchioles, which are the smallest airways in your lungs. The infection makes the bronchioles swell and become inflamed. Mucus collects in these airways, which makes it difficult for air to flow freely in and out of the lungs. Nursing Interventions/Rationale I: assess pt’s internal respiratory sounds with stethoscope or perform chest auscultation R: presence of abnormal respiratory sounds may indicate potential issues of the upper quadrant of the body, but most especially as an effect of airway obstruction. Abnormal breathing may present as fluid noises or wheezing, which is usually attributed to the accumulation of mucus. I: assess airway for any obstructions Sings/Symptoms Rhinorrea and low-grade fever appears first. Maybe cough. Otitis Media and conjunctivitis also present. Slight lethargy, poor feeding, or irritability. Laboratory Data chest x-ray Mucous sampling Auscultate lungs When lower respiratory tract is involved symptoms include: altered air exchanges, wheezing, retractions, crackles, dyspnea, tachypnea, and diminished breath sounds I: assess pt’s chest wall by performing chest palpation. Auscultate for any abnormal breathing pattern and noise that might reveal presence of airway obstruction or problems with inspiratory and expiratory movement of respiratory muscles. Diagnostic Procedures Risk factors Premature birth (less than 3 months), exposure to secondary smoke, contracted form family members, depressed immune system, underlying heart or lung condition. R: careful management of the airway is of prime concern sine it may interfere with the gas exchange process in the pt’s body. assurance that the airway is unobstructed should be established and assessed.    Rapid Immunofluorescent AntibodyDirect Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) Staining Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for RSV antigen detection Hyperinflation of the lungs is generally seen on the chest radiograph R: demonstrates an inherent problem with breathing or respiratory movement. This also allows investigation of certain ailments and issues that may have cause such. Medications Treatment Complications Chronic lung disease, arrhythmias, myocarditis, secondary infectious, congestive heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), development of asthma later in life. Supplemental oxygen if saturations ≤90%; Bronchodilators (optional)  Suctioning nasopharynx  Ensuring adequate fluid intake Maintaining adequate oxygenation  Albuterol short acting beta antagonist Humidified oxygen at or above 90% Humidified air Ampicillin, ceftriaxone (antibiotics) Ribavirin (antiviral) Corticosteroids (prednisone) IV fluids until acute stage has passed Racemic epinephrine (Epi-pen) Concept Map Rubric Concept Map Rubric Criteria Ratings This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Process leaning outcomes: 5 pts 3 pts 0 pts Full Marks Partial Marks No Marks Nursing Diagnosis is identified includes “related to” Nursing Diagnosis is inappropriate Nursing Diagnosis is not addressed. Nursing Diagnosis Upon completion, the student will define common disease processes affecting children This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Pathophysiology The student link the pathophysiological alteration of with disease processes affecting children This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSigns and Symptoms The student will identify signs and symptoms Pts 25 to >13.0 pts 13 to >0.0 pts 0 pts Full Marks Partial Marks No Marks Pathophysiology of the abnormal body processes is concise and clearly expressed Pathophysiology of the disease process is vague and lacks details regarding abnormal body processes Pathophysiology of the disease process in not addressed 5 pts 0 pts Full Marks No Marks Signs and Symptoms Lists signs and symptoms associated with the disease process Common signs and symptoms associated with the disease process is not addressed 5 pts 25 pts 5 pts Concept Map Rubric Criteria Ratings Pts associated with the disease processes of common childhood illnesses This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Risk Factors The student will relate list factors commonly associated with childhood diseases This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Complications The student will relate potential complications related to the disease processes affecting children This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Lab Values The student will 5 pts 0 pts Full Marks No Marks Identifies common risk factors that predisposed the patient to the disease process Common risk factors that predisposed patient to the disease process is not addressed. 5 pts 3 pts 0 pts Full Marks Partial Marks No Marks Complications associated with the disease process are clearly defined Complications associated with the disease process are not clearly defined and are missing and incomplete Complications associated with the disease process is not addressed 5 pts 0 pts Full Marks No Marks Common lab values that can Common lab values that can be 5 pts 5 pts 5 pts Concept Map Rubric Criteria Ratings define common lab values that can be used to identify disease processes affecting children be used to identify illness in inappropriate and or incomplete This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Diagnostic Procedures The student will associate diagnostic procedures with the disease processes affecting children Pts used to identify illness are inappropriate and is not addressed 5 pts 3 pts 0 pts Full Marks Partial Marks No Marks Detailed information regarding diagnostic Procedures Common diagnostic procedures that can confirm and or rule out the disease process Diagnostic Procedures Common diagnostic procedures that can confirm and or rule out the disease process are omitted and or missing information Diagnostic Procedures Common diagnostic procedures that can confirm and or rule out the disease process are not addressed This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Treatment 10 pts 5 pts 0 pts Full Marks Partial Marks No Marks The student will discuss medical management of disease processes affecting children. Detailed statement regarding medical treatment including surgical procedures if applicable Statement regarding medical treatment including surgical procedures is vague, information is limited and lacks detail Detailed statement regarding medical treatment including surgical procedures if applicable is not addressed 5 pts 10 pts Concept Map Rubric Criteria Ratings This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome 5 pts 3 pts 0 pts Medication Full Marks Partial Marks No Marks The student will discuss common medications prescribed for disease processes affecting children Prescribed medication for the patient is listed Prescribed medication for the patient is not consistent with the disease process Prescribed medication list for the patient is not addressed This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Nursing Interventions and Rationales At the completion of the clinical rotation, the student will identify 3 nursing interventions and rationales that a nurse should do to assist the patient in obtaining positive outcomes for a defined childhood illness Total Points: 100 Pts 30 pts 20 pts 10 pts 0 pts Full Marks Partial Marks Partial Marks No Marks Three (3) nursing interventions and rationales are listed and are appropriate and relatable to the disease process Two (2) nursing interventions and rationales are listed and are appropriate and relatable to the disease process One (1) nursing intervention and rationale are listed and/ or listed interventions are inappropriate and not relatable to the disease process Nursing interventions and rationales are not addressed 5 pts 30 pts