Protein Worksheet

HED 235 Protein Worksheet Student Name Anastasiya shak Protein is a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Protein is made up of building blocks called amino acids About 20 amino acids, each with its different side chain, make up most of the proteins of living tissue. The side chains make the amino acids differ in size, Shape, and electrical charge. {Hydrophilic amino acids attract water, while hydrophobic amino acids repel water.} Currently 50000 aa sequences have been identified in the human body; in other words 50,000 proteins have been identified in the body. Protein sequencing is determined by one's genetic information, specifically DNA, mRNA and tRNA. Sickle cell anemia results from a Sequencing error, in which glutamic amino acid is inappropriately substituted with valine aa. When the body does not recognize a protein present in the body, the body will respond by releasing antibodies to attack it. This might occur when a body rejects an organ donation. However when the body does recognize a foreign protein from previous exposure, it will have a ready supply of the specific antibodies needed to disable it. The ability to have antibodies ready to attack foreign proteins the body recognizes from previous exposure is known as immunity .} There are some amino acids that the healthy adult body makes too slowly or cannot make at all and these are called the Essential amino acids. In the first step of making a protein, each amino acid is hooked to the next. A bond, called a peptide bond bond, is formed between the amine group end of one and the carboxyl group end of the next. The dramatically different Shapes of proteins enable them to perform different tasks in the body. Among the most fascinating of the proteins are the enzymes which act on other substances to change them chemically. , Proteins can be denatured by heat, alcohol, acids , bases or the salts of heavy metals. During digestion of proteins, anearly step is denaturation by the stomach acid In the stomach, the HCL helps to uncoil the protein's strands SO that the stomach enzymes can attack the peptide bonds. An enzyme, known as Pepsin is present in the stomach and aids digestion. The stomach lining, which is made partly of protein is protected by a coat of mucus Continual digestion, and finally absorption, of protein takes place in the Small intestine Protein serves many roles, including the support of growth and the maintenance of fluid & electrolyte balance and acid-base balance. Edema (flnid retention in cells) may occur when blood protein levels are low as in the case of a protein deficiency. Another name for this condition of edema, resulting from a protein deficient diet is Kwashiorker If insufficient fat and carb foods are eaten, protein will be sacrificed to provide needed energy When amino acids are degraded for energy g provides calories), their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into Urea to be excreted by the kidney in the urine.