Microorganisms and Diseases - Q&A Review

Microorganisms and Diseases-Q&A Review → Mode of transmission of diseases: By contact, contaminated food and water, cough, sneezing, unsterilised equipment, vectors, cloth, etc. → Bacteria enter the body and multiply through binary fission. The toxins produced by them destroy cells and cause disease. → Leptospira is the bacteria that causes rat fever. → Diphtheria affects the mucus membrane of the nose and the throat. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the pathogen. → The bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis. → Virus has a simple structure with a DNA or RNA molecule within a protein coat. → HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus) enters the body and multiplies using the genetic mechanism of lymphocytes. → Hepatitis is a liver disease. Hepatitis is also caused by virus. → Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa. → Filariasis is caused by filarial worms that are spread by Culex mosquitoes 1. Find out the odd one and give the common feature of the others. 1 Score Filariasis, Malaria, Dengue fever, AIDS Ans : AIDS; Others are transmitted through mosquitoes. 2. Select the correct answer. 1 Score Statement 1: Leptospira is the bacteria that causes rat fever. Statement 2: Severe fever, headache, muscle pain, redness in the eyes, etc. are the major symptoms of Leptospirosis. (A) Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct (B) Statement 1 and Statement 2 are wrong (C) Statement 1 correct; Statement 2 wrong (D) Statement 1 wrong; Statement 2 correct. Ans : (A) Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct 3. Write the reason. 1 Score An ash-coloured thick coating is seen in diphtheria patients. Ans : Toxins produced by the bacteria cause fever, throat pain and inflammation in the lymph glands of the throat. Cells in the mucus membrane which are destroyed by the toxins produce an ashcoloured thick coating in the throat within two or three days. 4. Complete the table related to tuberculosis. 4 Score Ans : (a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (b) Loss of body weight, fatigue, persistent cough (c) When the patient speaks, coughs or sneezes, the pathogens spread into the air and thereby to others. (d) Tuberculosis mainly affects the lungs. But kidneys, bones, joints, brain, etc., are also affected by this disease. 5. The symptoms of a disease are given - below. 3 Score The appearance of reddish scaly rashes - that cause itching. (a) Identify the disease. Name the pathogen. (b) How is this disease transmitted? (c) Write the name and symptoms of another disease caused by this pathogen. Ans : (a) Athletes' foot, Fungus (b) Pathogens enter through the toes when they come in contact with contaminated water and soil. (d) Ringworm; Manifests as round, red blisters on the skin. 6. Select the correct statements related to hepatitis from the statements given below. 2 Score (a) Hepatitis is a liver disease. (b) Hepatitis is also caused by bacteria. (c) The external symptoms of the disease are severe fever, headache, muscle pain, and redness in the eyes. (d) Disease gets transmitted through contaminated food and water, blood components, and excreta of the patient. Ans : a, d 7. Observe the illustration and answer the questions given below. 4 Score (a) Name the pathogen of AIDS. (b) How does this pathogen multiply in the human body? (c) Complete the illustration. Ans : (a) HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus) (b) HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus) enters the body and multiplies using the genetic mechanism of lymphocytes. (c) (i) From an HIV-infected mother to the foetus. (ii) Through the reception of blood and organs contaminated with HIV