University:
American Career College
Course:
NURS-113 | Beginning Medical/Surgical Nursing
Academic year:

2018
Views:

469

Pages:

15
Author:

KillSteel

Introduction to ophthalmology Visual system • It consists of : 1. Eyeball 2. Optic nerve, visual pathway and the occipital cortex. 3. Adnexia ( Orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal system and motor system ). Eye ball 1. Cornea 2. Sclera & limbus 3. Aqueous & Anterior chamber & AC angle & pupil 4. Lens & zonules 5. Uveal tissues (iris , ciliary body and choroid) 6. vitreous 7. Retina (Rods and Cones) & fovea 8. Optic disc Coats of the eyeball 1st  cornea and sclera. 2nd  uveal tissue 3rd  retina (light sensitive portion of the eye) Adnexia 1. Conjunctiva 2. Eyelids 3. Extra-ocular muscles 4. Lacrimal Apparatus (secretory & excretory) 5. Orbit Visual pathway • It consists of : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Optic nerve Optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral geniculate body Optic radiation Visual cortex Clinical examination in ophthalmology • Symptoms : 1. Visual  (blurred vision, double vision, visual field defect, metamorphopsia, photophobia, photopsia and floaters). 2. Non-visual  (pain, itching, grittiness, lacrimation, redness, chemosis and mass). • Examination : 1. Subjective  ( visual acuity, visual field, tests for squint, …..etc). 2. Objective  ( inspection is the main ophthalmic examination and commonly done by slitlamp), other examination like fundoscopy and tonometry). Slit-lamp biomicroscope • It give unique, magnified views of every part of the eye. • In conjunction with auxiliary devices it can be used to measure IOP, corneal thickness, AC depth and to take photography. • It consists from illuminating parts and observing magnifying parts. Visual acuity testing • Traditionally done at distance of 20 feet or 6 meter in well illuminated room. • Different charts uses according to age and education. • The Bailey-Lovie chart uses 5 different letters per line which has uniform size is now the standard VA chart.