Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology 1) Which of the following is a device that acts as a connection point between computers and can filter and forward data to a specified destination? A) Hub B) Switch C) Router D) NIC E) Modem 2) The Internet is based on which three key technologies? A) TCP/IP, HTML, and HTTP B) TCP/IP, HTTP, and packet switching C) Client/server computing, packet switching, and the development of communications standards for linking networks and computers D) Client/server computing, packet switching, and HTTP E) E-mail, instant messaging, and newsgroups 3) Which of the following involves slicing digital messages into parcels, transmitting them along different communication paths, and reassembling them at their destinations? A) Multiplexing B) Packet shifting C) Packet routing D) ATM E) Packet switching 4) The telephone system is an example of a ________ network. A) peer-to-peer B) wireless C) packet-switched D) circuit-switched E) client/server 5) Which of the following is not a characteristic of packet switching? A) Packets travel independently of each other. B) Packets are routed through many different paths. C) Packet switching requires point-to-point circuits. D) Packets include data for checking transmission errors. E) Packets are reassembled into the original message when they reach their destinations. 6) In TCP/IP, IP is responsible for which of the following? A) Disassembling and reassembling packets during transmission B) Establishing an Internet connection between two computers C) Moving packets over the network D) Sequencing the transfer of packets E) Breaking messages down into packets 7) Which of the following is the best description of a protocol in a telecommunications network architecture? A) A device that handles the switching of voice and data in a local area network B) A standard set of rules and procedures for control of communications in a network C) A communications service for microcomputer users D) The main computer in a telecommunications network E) A pathway through which packets are routed 8) What are the four layers of the TCP/IP reference model? A) Physical, application, transport, and network interface B) Physical, Application, Internet, and Network Interface C) Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface D) Application, Hardware, Internet, and Network Interface E) Software, Hardware, Network Interface, Internet 9) On which of the following protocols is the Internet based? A) TCP/IP B) FTP C) IMAP D) HTTP E) DNS 10) A(n) ________ is a device that forwards packets of data through different networks, ensuring that the data gets to the right address. A) modem B) router C) packet D) telnet E) hub 11) Computer networks are fundamentally different from telephone networks. (TRUE) 12) A NOS must reside on a dedicated server computer in order to manage a network. (FALSE) 13) A hub is a networking device that is used to filter and forward data to specified destinations on the network. (FALSE) 14) In a client/server network, a network server provides every connected client with an address so it can be found by others on the network. (TRUE) 15) A computer network consists of at least three computers. (FALSE) 16) Central large mainframe computing has largely replaced client/server computing. (FALSE) 17) Circuit switching makes much more efficient use of the communications capacity of a network than does packet switching. (FALSE) 18) Two computers using TCP/IP can communicate even if they are based on different hardware and software platforms. (TRUE) 19) In a large company today, you will often find an infrastructure that includes hundreds of small LANs linked to each other as well as to corporate-wide networks. (TRUE) 20) TCP/IP was developed during the early 1970s to support efforts to help scientists transmit data among different types of computers over long distances. (TRUE) 21) How does packet switching work? ANSWER: Packet switching is a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destinations. Packet switching makes much more efficient use of the communications capacity of a network than did circuit-switching. In packet-switched networks, messages are first broken down into small fixed bundles of data called packets. The packets include information for directing the packet to the right address and for checking transmission errors along with the data. The packets are transmitted over various communication channels using routers, each packet traveling independently. Packets of data originating at one source will be routed through many different paths and networks before being reassembled into the original message when they reach their destinations. 22) Identify the layers of the Department of Defense reference model for TCP/IP, and describe how this model works. ANSWER:  The application layer enables client application programs to access the other layers and defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data. One of these application protocols is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is used to transfer Web page files.  The transport layer is responsible for providing the application layer with communication and packet services. This layer includes TCP and other protocols.  The Internet layer is responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets called IP datagrams. The Internet Protocol is one of the protocols used in this layer.  The network interface layer is responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium, which could be any networking technology. Data sent from one computer to the other passes downward through all four layers, starting with the sending computer's application layer and passing through the network interface layer. After the data reach the recipient host computer, they travel up the layers and are reassembled into a format the receiving computer can use. If the receiving computer finds a damaged packet, it asks the sending computer to retransmit it. This process is reversed when the receiving computer responds. 23) How are modern telephone and computer networks different from what firms used in the past? ANSWER: Modern telephone and computer networks are converging into a single digital network using shared Internet-based standards and technology. Telecom companies offer full suites of telecommunication and Internet service. In the past, these two types of networks were distinct - telephone networks and computer networks performed completely different services and were not affiliated with one another. Additionally, modern communication networks are much faster and more cost effective than they were in the past. 24) Which signal types are represented by a continuous waveform? A) Laser B) Optical C) Digital D) RFID E) Analog 25) To use the analog telephone system for sending digital data, you must also use: A) a modem. B) a router. C) DSL. D) twisted wire. E) TCP/IP. 26) Which type of network is used to connect digital devices within a half-mile or 500-meter radius? A) Wi-Fi B) LAN C) WAN D) MAN E) SAN 27) Which type of network treats all processors equally and allows peripheral devices to be shared without going to a separate server? A) MAN B) Wireless C) LAN D) Windows domain network E) Peer-to-peer 28) Which type of network would be most appropriate for a business comprised of three employees and a manager located in the same office space, whose primary need is to share documents? A) MAN B) Domain-based LAN C) Peer-to-peer network D) WAN E) SAN 29) A network that spans a city, and sometimes its major suburbs, as well, is called a: A) CAN. B) MAN. C) LAN. D) WAN. E) WSN. 30) A network that covers entire geographical regions is most commonly referred to as a(n): A) local area network. B) intranet. C) peer-to-peer network. D) wide area network. E) metropolitan area network. 31) Bandwidth is the: A) number of frequencies that can be broadcast through a medium. B) number of cycles per second that can be sent through a medium. C) difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that can be accommodated on a single channel. D) total number of bytes that can be sent through a medium per second. E) geographical distance spanned by a network. 32) The total amount of digital information that can be transmitted through any telecommunications medium is measured in: A) bps. B) Hertz. C) baud. D) gigaflops. E) RPMs. 33) A(n) ________ signal is a discrete, binary waveform that transmits data coded into two discrete states such as 1-bits and 0-bits. A) modulated B) broadband C) T1 D) analog E) digital 34) Coaxial cable is similar to that used for cable television and consists of thickly insulated copper wire. (TRUE) 35) Fiber-optic cable is more expensive and harder to install than wire media. (TRUE) 36) The number of cycles per second that can be sent through any telecommunications medium is measured in kilobytes. (FALSE) 37) You have been hired by a small new web design firm to set up a network for its single office location. The network is primarily needed for exchanging files, accessing and managing beta websites on their web server, and connecting to the Internet. The firm hires many freelancers who come into the office on an ad-hoc basis and it does not have a lot of money to spend on infrastructure. What type of network will you recommend? ANSWER: I would recommend a mixed wired and wireless network. The wired LAN would connect the web servers and primary workstations and connect via cable service to the Internet. Freelancers could connect wirelessly via access points. 38) What are the two types of signals used to communicate a message in a network and how are they different? What device converts one type to the other type? ANSWER: The two ways to communicate a message in a network are analog signals and digital signals. An analog signal is represented by a continuous waveform that passes through a communications medium and is used for voice communication. Examples include the telephone handset and other types of speakers that generate analog sound. On the other hand, digital signals are binary waveforms (not continuous) that communicate information as strings of two discrete states: one bit or zero bits (often depicted as strings of zeroes and ones). Computers use these types of signals and use modems to convert digital signals to analog signals. 39) What are some of the common types of physical transmission media and what differentiates them from one another? ANSWER: Common types of physical transmission media include twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and wireless transmission media. Twisted pair wire consists of strands of copper wire twisted in pairs for voice and data communications. Coaxial cable consists of thickly insulated copper wires capable of high-speed data transmission and resistance to interference. Fiber-optic cable consists of strands of clear glass fiber that transmit data as pulses of light generated by lasers. Wireless transmission media is based on radio signals and involves satellite microwave systems and cellular networks 40) Which of the following is not one of the top five search engines? A) Facebook B) Yahoo C) Microsoft Bing D) Ask E) Google 41) Digital subscriber lines: A) operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video. B) operate over coaxial cable lines to deliver Internet access. C) are very-high-speed data lines typically leased from long-distance telephone companies. D) have up to twenty-four 64-Kbps channels. E) are assigned to every computer on the Internet. 42) T1 lines: A) operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video. B) operate over coaxial lines to deliver Internet access. C) do not provide guaranteed service levels, but simply "best effort." D) have up to twenty-four 64-Kbps channels. E) are high-speed, leased data lines providing guaranteed service levels. 43) What service converts IP addresses into more recognizable alphanumeric names? A) HTML B) FTP C) IP D) HTTP E) DNS 44) The child domain of the root is called the: A) top-level domain. B) second-level domain. C) host name. D) domain extension. E) mid-tier domain. 45) In the domain name "http://books.azimuth-interactive.com", which element is the second-level domain? A) books B) azimuth-interactive.com C) com D) none; there is no second-level domain in this name E) books.azimuth-interactive 46) Which organization helps define the overall structure of the Internet? A) none (no one "owns" the Internet) B) W3C C) ICANN D) The Department of Commerce (U.S.) E) IAB 47) IPv6 has been developed in order to: A) update the packet transmission protocols for higher bandwidth. B) create more IP addresses. C) allow for different levels of service. D) support Internet2. E) reduce excess IP addresses. 48) Predictive search in Google's search engine: A) maintains a history of your searches and then predicts what you will search on next. B) uses a tracking service and cookies on your browser to predict search results. C) uses a knowledge graph of what similar people searched on to predict your search interests. D) uses a semantic approach to predict what you are looking for. E) predicts what you are looking for as you enter words into the query box. 49) Instant messaging is a type of ________ service. A) chat B) cellular C) e-mail D) wireless E) network 50) ________ integrate disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, email, and electronic conferencing into a single experience. A) Wireless networks B) Intranets C) Virtual private networks D) Modems E) Unified communications 51) A VPN: A) is an encrypted private network configured within a public network. B) is more expensive than a dedicated network. C) provides secure, encrypted communications using Telnet. D) is an Internet-based service for delivering voice communications. E) is a proprietary networking service technology developed by individual corporations. 52) Web browser software requests web pages from the Internet using which of the following protocols? A) URL B) HTTP C) DNS D) HTML E) FTP 53) Together, a protocol prefix, a domain name, a directory path, and a document name, are called a(n): A) uniform resource locator. B) IP address. C) third-level domain. D) root domain. E) child domain. 54) The most common web server today is: A) Microsoft IIS. B) WebSTAR. C) IBM HTTP Server. D) Netscape Server. E) Apache HTTP Server. 55) Which of the following pulls content from websites and feeds it automatically to a user's computers? A) FTP B) RSS C) HTTP D) Bluetooth E) IPv6 56) Which of the following can be used to help a website achieve a higher ranking with the major search engines? A) VPN B) IAB C) SEM D) SEO E) RSS 57) Which of the following statements is not true about search engines? A) They are arguably the Internet's "killer app." B) They have solved the problem of how users instantly find information on the Internet. C) They are monetized almost exclusively by search engine marketing. D) There are hundreds of search engines vying for user attention, with no clear leader having yet emerged. E) Users are increasingly using search engines on mobile devices. 58) Which process is used to protect transmitted data in a VPN? A) Tunneling B) PPP C) VOIP D) Packet-switching E) Chaining 59) ________ monetizes the value of the data stored by search engines. A) TCP/IP B) RSS C) WiMax D) IoT E) Search Engine Marketing 60) Shopping bots use ________ software for searching the Internet. A) Web 2.0 B) Web 3.0 C) intelligent agent D) comparison E) SEO 61) Which of the following is not a defining feature of Web 2.0? A) Interactivity B) Real-time user control C) Semantic search D) Social participation (sharing) E) User-generated content 62) A(n) ________ is a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to retail subscribers. A) RSS B) WAN C) NFP D) ISP E) FTP 63) The backbone networks of the Internet are typically owned by long-distance telephone companies called: A) regional network providers. B) enhanced service providers. C) internet bulk providers. D) backbone providers. E) network service providers. 64) A(n) ________ is software for locating and managing stored web pages. A) web server B) net server C) router D) modem E) hub 65) More than 200 million Americans access the Internet via mobile devices. (TRUE) 66) Wikis allow visitors to change or add to the original posted material. (TRUE) 67) The Domain Name System (DNS) converts domain names to IP addresses. (TRUE) 68) VoIP technology delivers voice information in digital form using packet switching. (TRUE) 69) Web 3.0 is an effort to add a layer of meaning to the existing web in order to reduce the amount of human involvement in searching for and processing web information. (TRUE) 70) Mobile search makes up at more than 50% of all Internet searches. (TRUE) 71) The "Internet of Things" refers to a vision of a pervasive Web, in which common objects are connected to and controlled over the Internet. (TRUE) 72) Digital rights activists believe "zero-rating" practices violate net neutrality principles. (TRUE) 73) In addition to being an online retailer, Amazon is also a powerful search engine. (TRUE) 74) The emerging Internet of People is based on sensors attached to clothing and personal effects that monitor physical states and locations of individuals. (TRUE) 75) What is IPv6 and why is it necessary? ANSWER: The Internet was not originally designed to handle the transmission of massive quantities of data and billions of users. Because of sheer Internet population growth, the world is about to run out of available IP addresses using the old addressing convention. The old addressing system is being replaced by a new version of the IP addressing schema called IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), which contains 128bit addresses (2 to the power of 128), or more than a quadrillion possible unique addresses. IPv6 is compatible with most modems and routers sold today, and IPv6 will fall back to the old addressing system if IPv6 is not available on local networks. The transition to IPv6 will take several years as systems replace older equipment. 76) What are the business advantages of using voice over IP (VoIP) technology? ANSWER: Business can lower costs by using the Internet to deliver voice information, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-distance telephone networks. They can lower costs from not having to create a separate telephone network. VOIP enables communication by supporting Internet conference calls using video. VOIP also provides flexibility—phones can be added or moved to different offices without rewiring or reconfiguring the network. 77) What is Web 3.0, and how do you think Web 3.0 developments could impact businesses? ANSWER: Web 3.0 is the vision of the next generation of the web in which all of the information available on the web is woven together into a single experience. The related movement called the Semantic Web is a collaborative effort to add a layer of meaning to existing information to reduce the amount of human time spent in searching and processing that information. Student views on the impact on businesses would vary. An example answer is: This potentially could have huge effects on businesses as simple analysis becomes mechanized, requiring fewer humans to perform this basic task. 78) Blogs, wikis, and social networking sites were designed for individuals to communicate with each other. What uses do businesses have for these tools? Give specific examples. ANSWER: Businesses can use these tools to reach out and market to potential new customers. For example, many businesses have Facebook sites to market their product to specific groups on Facebook. They can use these tools to support and give added value to existing customers. For example, a software company could have a blog that discusses in-depth use of a software product. Businesses can also use these tools within their company to communicate between departments and share knowledge. For example, a company wiki could be set up as a repository of expert information. 79) What has made the Google search engine so successful? ANSWER: The Google search engine became so successful because it was one of the first search engines to incorporate page ranking. Not only does it index the web pages it finds according to both keywords and combinations of keywords, it also ranks each page according to the number of pages that link to it, and the number of pages it links to itself. This helped make search results more relevant when compared to search engines relying solely on key words used on web pages. A user could be relatively certain that they would find relevant information within the top results of a Google search. Improved search results for the user, along with continual improvements to its search engine, the development and other web applications, tools, and its Ad Sense product where it sells keywords to the highest bidder has made Google so successful as a search engine and marketing firm. 80) Explain the Domain Name System. What are some of the common domain name extensions currently available and what types of services do they designate? ANSWER: The Domain Name System (DNS) converts domain names to IP addresses. Domain names are the English-like names that correspond to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet. DNS is a hierarchy, with the root domain at the top, top-level domains such as .com and .edu one level below, and second-level domains designate a top level name and a second level name, like amazon.com. Common domain name extensions include .edu (educational institutions), .gov (government agencies), .mil (military), .net (network computers), .org (nonprofit organizations and foundations), .biz (business firms), and .info (information providers). Additionally, countries have their own domain names. Answers may cite a variety of other domain name extensions. 81) All of the following are physical components of an RFID system except: A) bar codes. B) antennas. C) radio transmitters. D) tags. E) a stationary or handheld device. 82) Which digital cellular standard is used widely throughout the world except the United States? A) GSM B) CDMA C) WLAN D) LTD E) 4G 83) The concept of a future web in which it is commonplace for everyday objects to be connected, controlled or monitored over the Internet is called: A) the Internet of Things. B) the Semantic Web. C) Internet2. D) a 3-D Web. E) Web 2.0. 84) Which of the following statements about RFID is not true? A) RFIDs transmit only over a short range. B) RFIDs use an antenna to transmit data. C) Microchips embedded in RFIDs are used to store data. D) RFIDs require line-of-sight contact to be read. E) RFID tags and antennas come in a variety of shapes and sizes. 85) Which of the following is the first generation of cellular systems suitable for watching videos? A) 2G B) 2.5G C) 3G D) 3.5G E) 4G 86) 4G networks use which of the following standards? A) GSM and LTD B) CDMA and PAN C) LTE and LTD D) T-Mobile and AT&T E) LTE and WiMax 87) The most appropriate wireless networking standard for creating PANs is: A) I-mode. B) IEEE 802.11b. C) Wi-Fi. D) Bluetooth. E) RFID. 88) Bluetooth can be used to link up to ________ devices within a 10-meter area using low-power, radio-based communication. A) two B) five C) eight D) fifteen E) twenty 89) One or more access points positioned on a ceiling, wall, or other strategic spot in a public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area are referred to as: A) touch points. B) netcenters. C) hot points. D) wireless hubs. E) hotspots. 90) The 802.11 set of standards is known as: A) WLAN. B) WSN. C) Wi-Fi. D) WiMax. E) WAN. 91) The WiMax standard can transmit up to a distance of approximately: A) 30 meters. B) 500 meters. C) 30 miles. D) 5 miles. E) 70 miles. 92) Based on your reading of the examples in the chapter, which of the following would be the best use of RFID for a business? A) Logging transactions B) Managing the supply chain C) Lowering network costs D) Enabling client communication E) Improving employee engagement 93) Macy's Pick to the Last Unit system, described in the chapter-opening case, is an example of which of the following? A) IoT application B) IoP application C) BLE application D) GPS application E) Web 3.0 application 94) A(n) ________ is a box consisting of a radio receiver/transmitter and antennas that links to a wired network, router, or hub. A) RFID receiver B) WiMax receiver C) access point D) hub E) hotspot 95) RFID technology is being gradually replaced by less costly technologies such as WSNs. (FALSE) 96) Apple Pay uses an RFID-related technology called near field communication. (TRUE) 97) NFC tags are always passive. (FALSE) 98) How are RFID systems used in inventory control and supply chain management? ANSWER: In inventory control and supply chain management, RFID systems capture and manage more detailed information about items in warehouses or in production than bar coding systems. If a large number of items are shipped together, RFID systems track each pallet, lot, or even unit item in the shipment. This technology may help companies improve receiving and storage operations by enhancing their ability to "see" exactly what stock is stored in warehouses or on retail store shelves. 99) What are wireless sensor networks? How do they work and what are they used for? ANSWER: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are networks of interconnected wireless devices that are embedded into the physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces. These devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio frequency sensors and antennas. They are linked into an interconnected network that routes the data they capture to a computer for analysis. These networks range from hundreds to thousands of nodes. Because wireless sensor devices are placed in the field for years at a time without any maintenance or human intervention, they must have very low power requirements and batteries capable of lasting for years. Wireless sensor networks are valuable in areas such as monitoring environmental changes; monitoring traffic or military activity; protecting property; efficiently operating and managing machinery and vehicles; establishing security perimeters; monitoring supply chain management; or detecting chemical, biological, or radiological material. 100) What are some of the standards and networks used in digital cellular service, and where are they in use? ANSWER: Common cellular system standards include the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), which is used in Europe and much of the world outside of the United States. In the U.S., Code Division Multiple Access is used by Verizon and Sprint. It is a more efficient system than GSM. The generations of networks in use today by cellular systems includes 3G and 4G. 4G networks offer higher speeds than 3G. The standards in use by 4G Networks are Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax).