Basic Concepts of Public Speaking

Basic concepts of public speaking Etymologically, "public speaking" is a two-syllable English term. The first is the word "public" which means the general public or the public, and the word "speaking" which means to speak. Literally, public speaking is the ability to speak to a public audience. Speech is the art of oral communication in which ideas, thoughts, messages, or opinions are conveyed in front of an audience using specific methods and structures with the aim of informing, entertaining, or influencing. Public speaking is very important for everyone. A person who has the ability to speak in public is generally able to convey a message to a potential audience. Of course, nowadays it is not uncommon for people to have difficulty speaking in public in their personal, social, and professional lives. For those who are new to public speaking or who are already used to public speaking, controlling the audience is easy, but for those who are not used to public speaking, public speaking can be stressful and scary. You must have felt it. "Public speaking" is a term that is familiar to us. This term is often used when commenting on a person's communication skills. Public speaking is one of the most popular scientific fields in the study of communication. Nowadays, everyone must have the ability to speak in front of an audience. Specifically, if your job requires communication skills, you'll need the ability to persuade others when communicating. Every day we use hundreds, even thousands of words when talking to family, friends, neighbors, people we meet, and people at work. The better a person's speaking ability, the more clearly and indirectly he shows the quality of his intelligence and the greater the respect he receives from the people around him. As mentioned earlier, in the current era of competition, public speaking is a must in every profession. Therefore, learning the art of public speaking is very important for us. Etymologically, the root of the word "public speaking" is the English word , which consists of two words: "public" and "speaking." The noun "public" means "general public", "general public", "people", or "spectator", whereas the adjective "public" means "general" or "relates to". "Citizens" and "Things of concern to the state." The second word is "to speak". When interpreted as a noun meaning "to speak," and when interpreted as an adjective meaning "someone who speaks." According to Webster's Third International Dictionary, the term "public speaking" has two meanings: the first is "the art of delivering a speech in front of others" and the second is "the art of communicating effectively orally with an audience." According to the dictionary , public speaking is an art, part of the process of delivering a speech to an audience, the art of effective oral communication through audience engagement. In the American Heritage Dictionary, public speaking means the act, art, or process of delivering an effective speech in front of an audience. Dale Carnegie states that public speaking is the ability to influence others through public speaking. Meanwhile, according to Stephen E. Lucas, public speaking can be interpreted as a verbal communication process that aims to influence the thoughts, feelings, or actions of the audience. Presentation is the act of speaking or communicating with an audience to convey ideas, thoughts, or material in public speaking or other activities. The presentation is delivered in the best possible way so that each speaker's speech achieves its purpose, is understood, and at the same time captures the attention of the audience. Of course, this presentation needs to be supported by interesting and interactive presentation materials during preparation so that the audience does not get bored. There are many applications available that can be used by presenters and moderators to create presentation materials. Applications used for presentations among others Microsoft Powerpoint, Slideshare, Prezi, Canva, etc. One of the applications that moderators and presenters often use is Microsoft Powerpoint. This application is usually already installed on your laptop or computer. In addition to the above purposes, public speaking skills are also used for other things according to the context and situation, for example for a politician public speaking is used to influence public opinion or to win votes during general elections. It is different if this public speaking ability is used by a marketer to offer his products or a leader submits financial reports to attract investors. It is very important for a speaker to have a good understanding of their purpose in public speaking. By understanding the target goal, the speaker will be more directed and effective in speaking. Communication can take place if there is an exchange of ideas, ideas, information or feelings that result in a change in attitude so that a good relationship is established between the giver and the recipient of the message. Effective communication is also measured if the goal of the sender of the message is achieved. In general, communication consists of two types, namely verbal communication and non-verbal communication. The results of the research show that 65% of communication is carried out non-verbally, the remaining 35% of communication is carried out verbally. Public speaking is a combination of verbal communication and non-verbal communication. For this reason, the relationship between communication and public speaking will be explained. If the event takes place in a comfortable building, for example in the meeting room area of a hotel, the vocal arrangement will be different if the event is located outdoors or in an open field. In the meeting hall, all equipment for an event is fully available, such as lighting, sound system, spatial planning / meubeulair and air conditioning / air conditioning so that it will make it easier for a speaker in terms of comfort and vocals. For example, if you are a master of ceremony (MC), then in the conditions of a very comfortable place, an MC will be free to improvise, there is no need to increase the volume and power of the sound because there is already a technician who helps adjust to the room conditions. But the conditions will be different if an event is held outdoors or in an open field, then adjustments are needed to the vocals issued by a speaker or MC. Conditions in the open field are likely to be unstable, can be influenced by natural factors such as wind noise, or vehicle noise and so on. Venue analysis is also very necessary if a speaker is in an area that has local wisdom or culture in that area. The book public speaking in diverse culture explains that the practice of public speaking will be very different from one culture to another. Indonesia with its ethnic and cultural diversity makes it necessary for a speaker to analyze the customs that exist in a region. A person's character and personality greatly determine the choice of words and language of a person. Even when we play the role of a speaker/public speaker, 90% of character and personality will affect the choice of words and language conveyed. We as human beings who are social beings cannot be separated from interaction with the community around us. In this interaction, of course, it does not always go smoothly, one or two conflicts can occur. Conflict does not always have a negative impact, the positive impact of conflict is to motivate ourselves to be better at communicating. The negative impact in misscommunication is certainly many, for example, hostility, fights, divisions and some have become legal problems. Communication that is not in line with misscommunication comes from a lack of understanding/incomprehension, understanding the character/character of the interlocutor, which causes misperception and eventually causes conflict. Florence Littauer in her book entitled "Personality Plus" mentioned that this classic topic of psychology has been set by Hippocrates since 2400 years ago. There are four human personalities called choleretic (dominance), sanguinis (influence), phlegmatic (steadiness), melancholy (consistiousness). a. Corerist personality (dominance) The talent of a coreist person in leadership is very strong and sharp. This personality is indispensable in today's conditions. But this personality type, if it exists at the extreme, will become a pretentious person, domineering and manipulative. And every leader more or less has personality traits like this. His traits are firm and straightforward and another characteristic of this personality type is that he always wants to be ahead and does not want to lose to others. People with very choleric personality types