Amino Acid Biochemistry Cheat Sheet

1 NH 1 3 NH 2 1 1 1 н-с-соон н-с-соо- н-с-соо- 1 R R Un-ionized form of an amino acid 1 3 NH + 1 1 3 "-side chain 1 NH + 1 NH 2 н-с-соо- j Н+ R R Dipolar ion (or zwitterion) form of an amino acid � ..-- н-с-соон 3 NH + � Н+ R Predominant form at рМ 1 н-с-соо- ..-- R Predominant form atpH 7 Predominant form at рН 11 •f'o-.,+:c. соо· соо 1 н N---с--н 3 1 н ...... Glycine IGly,G) ? оо · соо- 1 +н N--..·C--·H 3 1 СН 3 1 +H3N ·····С--Н 1 ?Н2 'Н N-·-C--H з 1 Н- -СН3 ? ....... ......... Н3 .,., /с� С СН 3 lku.U уоо· о •н,N- -н у 1 ?Hz сн, l'honylolмlne IPho, F1 • 00 ? Н3N-т-н 00 ? 'H3N- ·-·H y Q ...,,..,.,. Q�:· н он 1°ryptaphon 11\р, WI �.YJ ltle,Q _ _j__ � � 1 •н,н-�;:-н ti·' сн, -lonlne IМot.MI H�1'i li'=' -----�.�, •н ' N-�-н соо· 1 ,;;: 'f"....,._t·-H s соо- 1 +н,N-,:-н ·н-с-ОН - llottne IS., SI соо· .... NH 2 c..._ cf' � '-....... н-�-0" сн, � ·н 114-С-Н з t NH1• С(М)· •н,N-у1 -н IТhr. Т1 cb•t-ts� 1 •нii-r-; ! На � ! ! N-H 1= + f NH1 NH 2 н, ._,,_ СА11, .. (!1 соо •н,н-Ь:1 •нNhн ._,c;-' NH н -.. .. • су' • voo 'H1N-v-н a fH о'с,о- � е CAlp.DJ 'Н N---C--H � 2 fH 2 H f .... с rl 'NH ·-•il• 2 .. соо· •н,N-?-н ;На н, rt\з....... lallt.EI i 14 14 12 12 10 � 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 + 1 Н;-,1- СН - СОО-\ СН2-СООН + 1 Нэ/'1-СН-С СНгСООН + 1 --- НзN-СН -СОО- __ о L-_____..______2.._______.._ 3 3 Moles он- added per mole histidine (а) снгсоо­ Moles ОН- added per mole aspartic acid Тltratlon curves of ..,.._ ММ. wldt lonlzlng slde chalns. Тhе � ooпe,pond to рКа values, and the forms predominating at different рН values are shown. Lablle hy­ drogens are shown in red. (а) Histidine. (Ь) Aspartic acid. (Ь) Mass Тор (kd) 200 100 _, 68 • 43 8 36 ..., .. 90 80 70 60 50 � 40 30 20 17. 12. Bottom 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Relative moЬility ■ 1.0 Figure 5-10 i Logarithmic relationship between the molecular mass of а protein and its eledrophoretic mobllity in 5DS-PAGE. The masses of 37 proteins ranging from 11 to 70 kD are plotted. [After Weber, К. and Osborn, М., J. Biol. Chem. 244, 4406 (1969).] 111111 Figure 5-11 • Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In this example, Е. coli proteins that had Ьееп labeled with 14C-amiпo acids were subjected to isoelectric focusing (horizontally) followed Ьу SDS-PAGE (vertically). Over 1000 spots сап Ье resolved iп the autoradiogram showп here. [Courtesy of Patrick O'Farrell, Uпiversity of Califorпia at San Francisco.]