Water-soluble Vitamins

• Water Soluble vitamins: Vitamin B, (thiamine) Canti- Beri Benm Pyrimidine ring B. Complex & vitamin C Active Form Functions Thiamine Pyrophosphate is the biological active form (TPP) Coenzyme in Oxidative decarbo Kylation thiazole ring ATP thiamine methylene bridge (CH3) alse contain sulfur & nitrogen AMP TPP Synthetase TPP Soures: unpoliched rice & whole wheat bread Vitamin B, (Riboflavin) two Biologically Active Forms FMN Flavin Mono-Nucleotide. Flavin D. Ribitol + pigarent Dimethyl iso alloxazine Vitamin B3 (Niacin) FAD Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. a. Pyruvate Pyruvate Acetyl. GA deky dragenase Deficiency Early Loss of appetite. Constipation... etc. moderately Severe b. d.KG 4.ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA de hydrogenase C. Branched A.A decorboxylation 2 Trans ketelase enzyme activity vit. status is assessed by assaying Erythrocyte transketolase activity bath FMN & FAD are Coenzyme in Oxidation - Reduction reactions. they can accept 2 Hydragen ions Forming FMNH2 / FADH2 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome mement/Ataxia/Nystagmus of seen in chronic alcoholism Severe Beri. Beri Dry (CNS) wet (oderma) CVS infantile Not Fatal. Glossitis cheilosis Stomatitis *both required as Coenzymes For Flavo-enzyme (Flavo-proteins). • porticipate in CAC Ocular disturbance Dermatitis. it is a Pyridine ring 1061 with 2 forms: NAD] Nicotinamide Adenine *two Biologically Active forms Dinucleotide. both NAD & NADP are Coenzymes For reductase dehydrogenase Pellagra - Dermatitis Dementia Nicotinic acid f Nicotinamide (derivative ofcid) nicotinic Tryptophen 60 mg vit Be Niacin 1 mg previtenin For Niaci NADP Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide phosphate hydroxylate. ② Lowering plasma cholesterol both act as Coenzymes in Oxidation - Re duction (Redox) reactions. 3D Diarrhea Death occur in 50-60 days. prevented with adequate protein diet. Active form Folic acid [Folacin. B] Peridine ringPABA Glutamate Plereic acid ane or more L pleroyl. L. glutamic and con Nol synthesized by human Vitamin B2 (Cobalamin) Anti-pernicious anemia tetra-pyrale rings + Cobalt →[Conn ring]& Nucleotide side chain. Cyanide Hydroxyl methyl Adeno pyl. synthesized by intestinal Bacteria there is no plast Source جا Vitamin C [L. ascorbic acid • it is [Cleo in nature derived from Glacese •D. ascorbic acid is not a vitamin. Tetra-hydro folate [THF] produced by 2 steps reduction of Folate by dihydrofolate reductase THE Carrier one carbon group of methyl (CH₃) Achive deoxy adenosyl Cobalamin require Gastric intrinsic me Factor (GIF) for its absorption (IF is a glycoprotein prodwed by parietal cell of stomach). require carrier protein trans-cobalamin (Biz Binding) protein Functions TAF cofactor in many reackkuns especially in A.A&NA metabolion synthesis of AAs, Purines, TMP (TMP found in DNA) Homo Cystiene metabolisn Neurotransmitter Formation. Deficiency Neural tube defects Spina bifida & anencephaly. causes of deficiency: ted demand ted intake &ted absorption treatment with [Phenyloin] Megaloblastic anemia synthesis of Methionine Homocystiene methil abalosing synthase) methionine () Megaloblastic [pernicious anemia. Abnormal Hemorysthene level. Lack of myelin shorth who is at Risk? Conversion of: methyl- methylmalaylo mutis sutinyl A malinyl.com Denyadenroyl Cobalamine vegans Elderly. Breast fed infant of vegan moms. individuals with AIDS OF HIV. Active Ascorbic acid Form) [Hydroxylation reaction] it is unstable vitamin (destnyed easily Ascorbate is a reducing agentis formation of hyllady hat Coenzyme in hydroxylation of proline & lysine. Facilitate iron absorption. Synthesis of bile acids. epinephrine & cornitine. • Scurveym Sore & spongy gums. Sawollen jeints. anemia. Vitamin B5 [Pantothenic] acid Bialanine Panteic ac'd Thas No ring stricture Active Form 1. Enter in structure of Connyme A (precursor of Coentyme A) Co A Enter in structure of ACP] Acyl Cavier protein. Vitamin B [Pyridoxine] Pyridoxine. 3 Fores Pyridoxine. Pyridoxamine. - Pyri de xal. all are Pyridine in origin (differe only in nature of Functional group). Functions @acts in transfer of ayl groups. such as. Acetyl. cof (CH2O. lipid protein metabolism). succingl-CoA (Heme synthesis). Malangl-coA (F.A synthesis). imp. component of Fatty acid synthase enzyme (FA synthesis) Amino Acide metabolism: Decarboxylation. Transamination. ATP ADP pyridexal phosphate Pyri dexal kinese [PLP Niacin N. Pyridoxine is the only. water-Soluble vitamin with significant toxicity Sensory neuropathy as Coenzyme For • it acts Carboxylase enzyme Vitamin tetrahydre. imidazole ring thiophene ring [Co.Corboxylase] Deamination. Deficiency Not well characterized in humans. Pellagra bic PLP is conversion of needed tryptophan to Niacin impaired growth •Conversion of Tryptophan to Anemia Heme synthesis. Carbohydrate metabolism. PLP act as Coenzyme gleycogenolysis (with glycogen phosphorylee) lipid metabolism Homocystinuria (due to inability to Convert methionine to cystrene). • Caused by: PLP imp. in steroid hormone action pregnany demand Pr. with tuberculosis taking high dese of isonicotinic hydrazine (INH) acts as Coenzyme in reactions Carbo Car borylation Require ATP Acetyl CoA- Malanyl CoA Very rare blc it is synthesized by intestinal Vitamin B, Bictor] +. Valeric and Biotin Conlent byrd Pyruvate okalo acetate Lysine prestrelk sup Carboxylase propinyl CoA Succinyl CoA Biorytin regulation of ceu cycle. bacteria may result from raw egy consumption ble it Contains [Avi din] glycoprotein binds to Biotin