Land-Based Empires

Unit Three “Land-Based Empires” Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their reading will not do well in this course. UNIT 3.1|Empires Expand (AMSCO Pages 143 - 151) Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters) Gunpowder Empires Multi-ethnic states that used firearms They used these firearms to conquer a lot of territory Gutenberg Printing Press A press that could print words on large amounts of paper This helped increase literacy by the spread of books from the printing press Ivan IV The tsar of Russia He expanded Russiaś border by using gunpowder Volga River A river the flows into the Caspian Sea This river gave access to sea trade with other countries Ming Dynasty A dynasty the was established in China during 1368 They stabilized the East Asia region for 300 years Qing Dynasty A dynasty that was established in China by the Manchu This dynasty expanded China greatly Kangxi One of china's longest-reigning emperors He incorporated Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia into his empire Emperor Qianlong A poet and ruler of the Qing Dynasty He sent many campaigns out to different territories to gain control Tamerlane A Mongol-Turkic ruler He ordered soldiers to invade the Middle East and Central Asia Ghazi Ideal A model for warrior life This model was followed by the soldiers of the Gunpowder Empires Ottoman Empire One of the Islamic Empires It was the biggest and most powerful of the three Mehmed II A ruler of the Ottoman Empire He set up the empireś capital and strengthened the Ottoman navy Suleiman I Another ruler of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire became its strongest under his rule Shah A king or emperor They ruled over the Safavid dynasty Safavid Empire A dynasty in the Middle East Conquered Persia and and Iraq Shah Abbas I A shah of the Safavid Empire He ruled the empire at its height Akbar The first leader of the Mughal Empire He achieved grand religious and political goals Mughal Empire A dynasty in India It was one of the best governed and richest states in the world Caste Strict social groupings designated at birth The basis of educational and vocational opportunities in the society Objective Key Developments Explain how and why various land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450 1750. Who were the four Gunpowder Empires? Russia, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire Why did the Gunpowder Empires craft artist and architectural legacies? They made these legacies to reflect the legitimacy of their rulers What did Europe’s expansion involve that was unique from the Gunpowder Empires? The had a wider exchange networks that spread gunpowder Europe: What is significant about the year 1450? The beginning of the early modern period and end of the medieval era What events signal the beginning of the early modern period (the mid-1450s)? End of the plague and Hundred Years War, and the invention of the Guentberg printing press Monarchies in Europe in 1450 wanted to control: Taxes, the army, and aspects of religion Which social class was becoming more powerful in Europe? Middle class Russia: Which two regions was Russia influenced by? Europe and Asia How did Ivan IV extend the border of Russia Eastward? He extended the border by conquering the khanates held by the Mongolian conquers What did Russia’s expansion depend on? Gunpowder Who were the Cossacks and what did they do? Fierce peasant warriors that fought local tribes and the Siberian khan Why did Russia want to control the Volga river? To be able to trade directly with Persia and the Ottoman Empire What religion did Russian missionaries want to convert Siberian tribes to? Eastern Orthodox Faith Where did the Russian Empire extend to by 1639? As far east as the Pacific Ocean East Asia: The Ming Dynasty was established after the Mongols were pushed out of China. What was the result of the Ming Dynasty? They stabilized the East Asia area for 300 years Who established the Qing Dynasty? Manchuria What caused China to rebuild the Great Wall of China for protection? Because of the renewed power of the Mongol Empire What was significant about Emperor Kangxi’s rule AND what regions did he incorporate into China’s rule? He was one the longest-reigning emperors of China and he incorporated Taiwan, Mongolia, and Central Asia What was notable about Emperor Qianlong’s rule? (where did he expand, what was the reaction to his expansion, etc.)? He armies to Tibet to instal the Dalai Lama and he ordered mass killings which people were not a fan of Were the following expansion efforts by China successful or unsuccessful: Tibet: successful Burma: unsuccessful Vietnam: unsuccessful What was the result of these efforts to expand? They efforts were costly and this emptied the empireś treasury Describe the late years of Emperor Qianlong’s reign: The Chinese bureaucracy became corrupt and that caused a high tax Why was the White Lotus Society reinstated? Where have we heard of them before? It was reinstated to cancel the tax and the desire to restore the Ming dynasty, and we heard of them when the Mongols invaded China What was the result of their uprising? The Qing government killed 100,000 of these followers to combat the uprising Islamic Gunpowder Empires: What did the Gunpowder Empires have in common? - Descended from turkic nomads - Spoke turkic languages - took advantage of power vacuums left by the Mongol Empire - Relied on gunpowder What made the Gunpowder Empires successful? Their military might and the corruption of the regimes that they conquered Who was Tamerlane and where did he conquer? Tamerlane was Mongol-Turkic ruler and he conquered Persia and India How did the Ghazi Ideal help the Gunpowder Empires grow? It served as model for soldiers to follow which helped the rise of the Gunpowder Empires Conquests led by the Gunpowder Empires were marked by what?