The Co-Benefits of Stakeholder Engagement Appendix

Appendix A Acronyms used in this essay BNDES: Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Brazil’s national development bank) CAF: Development Bank of Latin America CDB: China Development Bank CHEXIM: Export-Import Bank of China EIA: Environmental impact assessment EPI: Environmental performance index ESRM: Environmental and social risk management ESS: Environmental and social safeguards FPIC: Free, prior informed consultation FPI-consent: Free, prior, informed consent GM: Grievance mechanism IADB: Inter-American Development Bank IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank’s sovereign lending office) IFC: International Finance Corporation (the World Bank’s private-sector lending office) IIC: International Investment Corporation (the Inter-American Development Bank’s private-sector lending office) MDB: Multilateral development bank MMT: Millions of metric tons NDB: National development bank ROR: Run of the river (indicates dams without reservoirs) TC: Tree cover TDB: Transnational development bank USEXIM: US Export-Import Bank WBG: World Bank Group Appendix B DFI-Financed Infrastructure Projects Included in This Analysis, and the Corresponding Site-Specific Radii used in Models 4-18 The following tables give a timeline of project approvals by country, bank, and type of project. These tables show the choice of each project’s site-specific radius, used in Models 4 through 18. Where applicable, those choices entail tree cover change as a function of the radius chosen for measurement, and the resulting site-specific radius, defined as the x-intercept of the second derivative of these functions. In other cases, an explanation is provided for an alternate choice in site-specific radius. Table B1: Projects in Bolivia Approval Year Type 2002 Road 2004 Port Road 2006 Road Bank(s) CAF/IADB IBRD IFC IADB CAF IADB 2011 Road CAF 2012 Road CAF Project Name Santa Cruz - Puerto Suárez 1 La Paz – Oruro 1 Rio Seco – Huarina 1 Tiquina-Copacabana 1 Yacuiba-Boyuibe 1 Yamparáez-Sucre Puerto Aguirre La Paz – Caranavi Huachacalla–Pisiga Integración Sur, Phase 2 Riberalta–Guayamerín Uyuni-Potosi 2 Quiquibe-Yucumo 2 Yucumo-Rurrenbaque La “Y” de Integración Uyuni-Cruce Condo K Chacapuco-Ravelo Quillacollo-Suticollo Uyuni-Tupiza Tree Cover Change as a Function of Radius 3 2 y=0.0006x -0.0131x +0.0891x-0.4544 N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) N/A (zero tree cover within 4km) N/A (zero tree cover within 3km) 3 2 y=0.0003x -0.006x +0.0484x-0.2821 N/A (zero tree cover within 6km) N/A (zero tree cover change nearby) 3 2 y=-0.00004x +0.0007x -0.0031x-0.0082 N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 3 2 y=-0.00006x +0.0002x +0.017x-0.3844 N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 3 2 y=0.0002x -0.0046x +0.0273x-0.1707 3 2 y=0.0006x -0.0126x +0.1076x-0.6697 N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 10km) N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) Notes: 1 These roads were jointly financed through the “Road Rehabilitation and Maintenance” program. 2 These roads were jointly financed through the “Santa Bárbara-Rurrenabaque Northern Corridor Highway Improvement” program. Radius (km) 7 10 4 3 7 6 1 6 10 10 1 10 8 7 10 10 10 10 10 Table B2: Projects in Colombia App. Year 2005 Type Dam, w/ res. Bank(s) IADB 2006 Road IADB Port Road Dam, w/ res. Fossil fuel power IFC CAF CAF CAF/IFC CAF/IFC/IIC CAF/IFC IFC/IIC IIC CAF/IFC IIC 2007 2009 2010 2011 Port Dam, RoR Port Dam, RoR Project Name Porce III 3 Andes-Jardin 3 Angelopolis-Caldas 3 Bolombolo-Venecia 3 Entrerrios-San Pedro 3 La Fabiana-Valparaiso 3 Marinilla-Guatape 3 Montenegro-La Fabiana-El Libano-Tamesis 3 Puerto Triunfo-Autopista 3 Titiribi-Albania Terminal Maritimo Muelles el Bosque S.A. Buga-Buenaventura Sogamoso Termoflores Termo Rubiales Puerto Santa Marta Puerto Buenaventura Patico-La Cabrera Puerto Bahía Los Molinos Tree Cover Change as a Function of Radius N/A (unrelated TC loss at 7km) 3 2 y=-0.00006x +0.0005x +0.004x-0.0658 3 2 y=0.0002x -0.0054x +0.052x-0.2259 N/A (zero tree cover change within 1km) 3 2 y=-0.0001x +0.0013x +0.0023x-0.0971 3 2 y=0.0001x -0.0029x +0.0204x-0.0583 3 2 y=-0.0001x +0.0006x +0.0157x-0.1205 N/A (unrelated TC gain at 6km) N/A (unrelated TC loss at 7km) N/A (unrelated TC loss at 4km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 2km) 3 2 y=-0.0001x +0.0031x -0.0201x+0.0097 N/A (unrelated TC loss at 5km) N/A (zero tree cover within 2km) N/A (zero tree cover within 2km) N/A (zero tree cover within 2km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 1km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 2km) 3 2 y=-0.0025x +0.023x +0.0716x-0.6722 N/A (zero tree cover change within 2km) 2014 Notes: 3 These roads were jointly financed through the “Roads for Integration and Social Equality” program. Radius (km) 6 3 9 1 4 10 2 5 6 3 2 10 4 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 Table B3: Projects in Ecuador App. Year 2000 Type Dam, RoR Bank(s) BNDES 2004 Dam, RoR IBRD 2007 Dam, w/ res. IADB 2010 Dam, RoR CHEXIM 2011 Fossil fuel power Unconv. renewables CDB CDB BNDES CAF CAF/IFC CAF CDB CAF 2012 Dam, RoR Project Name San Francisco 4 Abanico 4 Sabanilla Baba Coca-Codo Sinclair Sopladora Termoesmeraldas Villonaco Norte (wind) Manduriacu San José de Minas San Bartolo Ruta Viva Minas San Francisco Gran Solar Tree Cover Change as a Function of Radius 3 2 y=0.00005x -0.0009x +0.0055x-0.0105 N/A (zero tree cover change within 2km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 2km) 3 2 y=-0.0016x +0.0308x -0.1851x+0.1812 3 2 y=0.0001x -0.0024x +0.0129x-0.0242 N/A (zero tree cover within 6km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 2km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 1km) 3 2 y=0.0037x -0.0721x +0.4322x-0.7892 N/A (zero tree cover change within 1km) N/A (zero tree cover change within 1km) 3 2 y = 0.0002x - 0.0019x + 0.0025x - 0.0176 N/A (zero tree cover change within 1km) 3 2 y=0.005x -0.1128x +0.8056x-1.8256 Road 2013 Dam, RoR 2014 Unconv. renewables Notes: 4 These dams were jointly financed through the “SIBIMBE” program, with the Netherlands Clean Development Facility. Radius (km) 6 2 2 6 8 6 2 1 6 1 1 3 3 8 Table B4: Projects in Peru Year 2003 Type Road Bank(s) IADB/IFC Project Name Tree Cover Change as a Function of Radius Radius (km) Red Vial 5 Toll Road Ancón-Pativilca N/A (zero tree cover change within 10km) 10 5 Cerro Mulato N/A (zero tree cover change within 3km) 3 5 El Sauce N/A (unrelated tree cover loss at 2km) 1 5 2004 Dam, w/res. IBRD Moche I & II N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 5 Tanguche I & II N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 5 Tunnel Graton N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 6 3 2 Corredor Vial Interoceánico Sur, Rte. 2 y=0.0001x -0.0022x +0.0123x-0.0318 7 6 3 2 2005 Road CAF Corredor Vial Interoceánico Sur, Rte. 3 y=0.0006x -0.0124x +0.0955x-0.437 7 6 3 2 Corredor Vial Interoceánico Sur, Rte. 4 y=0.00003x -0.0009x +0.0091x-0.0684 10 Canta – Huayllay N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 2006 Road IADB 3 2 Sullana-El Alamor y=0.0004x -0.0054x +0.0348x+0.0978 5 Biofuel IADB Maple, Inc. sugar ethanol project N/A (zero tree cover within 7km) 7 2009 Road CAF Red Vial4: Pativilca-Casma-Chimbote-Trujillo N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 Dam, w/ res. IFC Hydro Cheves N/A (zero tree cover within 8km) 8 7 Camaná-Dv. Quilca –Matarani-Ilo-Tacna N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 7 Casma-Yaután-Huaraz N/A (zero tree cover within 2km) 2 7 Churín – Oyón N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 7 Lunahuaná - DV. Yauyos- Chupaca N/A (zero tree cover within 1km) 1 7 3 2 CAF Reposo-Saramiriza y=0.00003x -0.0012x +0.015x-0.1027 13 7 2010 Tingo María-Aguaytía y=-0.00004x3+0.0004x2+0.001x-0.1077 3 Road 7 Aguaytía-Pucallpa y=-0.0003x3+0.0087x2-0.0796x-0.356 10 7 3 2 Tocache-DV. Tocache y=-0.0002x +0.0045x -0.0212x-0.2788 8 7 3 2 Trujillo-Sirán-Huamachuco y=-0.0003x +0.0053x -0.0396x+0.0699 6 8 3 2 Chongoyape-Cochabamba-Cajamarca y=-0.0004x +0.008x -0.0494x+0.0583 7 8 3 2 CAF/IBRD Ollantaytambo-Quillabamba y=-0.00001x +0.0001x -0.0004x-0.0006 3 8 Lima - Canta N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 2011 Dam, RoR CAF Las Pizarras N/A (zero tree cover within 11km) 1 2012 Dam, RoR CAF Canchayllo N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 2013 Port IFC Callao Muelle Norte N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 2014 Unconv. renewables CAF/IADB Marcona/Tres Hermanas (wind) N/A (zero tree cover within 10km) 10 5 Notes: These dams were jointly financed through the “Poechos” program. 6 These dams were jointly financed. 7 These roads were jointly financed through the “Infraestructura Vial de Perú” program. 8 These roads were jointly financed through the IBRD’s “Peru Safe and Sustainable Transport” program and CAF’s “Infraestructura Vial de Perú” program. Appendix C Methodology: Environmental Performance Index EPI scores used here are derived from the Environmental Performance Index project managed by Yale University and the Columbia University Earth Institute, with a few adjustments as noted below: 1. As EPI methodology changes over time, in order to calculated scores that are comparable across years, scores are normalized across countries for each year. Two versions of these scores are available: one series from 2000 to 2010 (Yale and CIESIN, 2012), and another from 2007 to 2015 (Hsu, 2016). For the years 2007 through 2010, averages are taken for each country across the two indices, and those results are then normalized. 2. For multilateral development banks, weighted averages are calculated using countries’ representation on bank boards for each year.