Plants Notes 8.2 and 8.3

5/15/2018 1 2 Seeds
A seed is the structure that contains a young plant inside
The seed provides protection to the plant inside
There are hundreds of thousands of plant species worldwide
Therefore, there are many different types of seeds. 3 Seeds 4 Seeds
There are hundreds of thousands of plant species worldwide
Therefore, there are many different types of seeds. Coco de mer (Ladoicea maldivica) -Largest seed in the world -Up to 12 inches long and weighing up to 40 pounds
Another example... Sequoia(Sequoiadendron giganteum) -Largest tree in the world -Seed is tiny 5 Seeds
There are hundreds of thousands of plant species worldwide
Therefore, there are many different types of seeds.
But... 6 Plant without Seeds
There are several types of plants without seeds

All nonvascular plants Some vascular plants 1 5/15/2018 7 8 Plant without Seeds
There Nonvascular plants are several types of plants without seeds
Examples:


Mosses! ….and liverworts and hornworts. is everywhere and you’ll probably never notice liverworts or hornworts.
Moss Nonvascular: Mosses Vascular: Ferns Moss 9 10 Vascular Plants w/o seeds Vascular Plants w/o seeds
Old timey plants:
Ferns! …and horsetails and club mossess... Tree fern 11 12 Seed plants Seed plants
The most diverse and interesting plants are seed plants
2 groups:

1. Angiosperms – Flowering Plants 2. Gymnosperms – Not the flowering plants Flowering plant
Important

characteristics 1. Vascular plants 2. Use pollen and seeds for reproduction Pollen Fruit (seeds inside) Gymnosperm cone 2 5/15/2018 13 Vascular Tissue

14 Vascular Tissue Phloem – tubes that transport food throughout plant Xylem – tubes that pull water and minerals upward from the roots

Vascular tissue: Phloem and Xylem Cambium: Active layer that causes tree to keep growing 15 16 Review Review
The
The

two groups of seedless plants are Some of the vascular plants and All of the ____________ plants
Name two characteristics that all seed plants share.
Give an example of a nonvascular plant.

two groups of seedless plants are Some of the vascular plants and All of the nonvascular plants
Name two characteristics that all seed plants share.
Give an example of a nonvascular plant. 17 18 Review Review
The
The

two groups of seedless plants are Some of the vascular plants and All of the nonvascular plants
Name two characteristics that all seed plants share. Vascular, use pollen
Give an example of a nonvascular plant.

two groups of seedless plants are Some of the vascular plants and All of the nonvascular plants
Name two characteristics that all seed plants share. Vascular, use pollen
Give an example of a nonvascular plant. moss, hornworts, liverworts 3 5/15/2018 19 Seed Structure Pollen and seeds
Pollen: male gametophyte that produces sperm
Pollination: Sperms meets egg and seed develops
The seed houses the embryo (baby plant). seed also contains one or more cotyledons (seed leaves).
Uses of cotyledons:
The
Fruit (seeds inside) Pollen

Seed Structure
The
The Food storage Make food I.D. 21 seed houses the embryo (baby plant). seed also contains one or more cotyledon 22 Fruits
Fruits are the ripened ovary of a flower 23 Dispersal
Dispersal - Moving something to a different place or spreading it out over a larger area.
We will focus on two types of dispersal:

Pollen dispersal and Seed dispersal
The pollen needs to travel to other plants and plants want seeds to land in new locations. 20 24 Pollen Dispersal
Methods

of pollen dispersal: Animals – pollen gets stuck to various animals (insects, spiders, mammals, humans) as they move to multiple plants Wind – the plant relies on the wind to move the pollen and hopefully it lands on another plant of the same species. Insect (animal) Wind pollinated 4 5/15/2018 25 26 Seed Dispersal Pollen Dispersal
Methods
of seed dispersal: Animals in a couple of ways
Animals like to eat the fruit fruit attaches to animals
Animals bury it and forget about it
Sticky


27 Seed Dispersal: Animals 29 Seed Dispersal: Water Wind – flying fruit Water – water can carry fruit to new places Ejection – some fruit capsules pop the seeds out 28 Seed Dispersal: Wind 30 Seed Dispersal: Ejection
Coconuts
Seabeans 5 5/15/2018 31 Some basics: roots, stems, leaves bottom: Roots.
Three main functions: 32 Some basics: roots, stems, leaves
The



Two


The middle: Stem functions:
Stem Anchor/support Water and minerals Food storage

Support/structure Moving food and water around
Does main types: this plant have a stem? Taproot Fibrous roots 33 Some basics: roots, stems, leaves
The top…and sides: Leaves
Main functions:

To capture the sun’s energy! Control water and “breathe”
Stomata: The mouths of the plant. 6