University:
Bradley University
Course:
HIS 203 | American History and Global Systems to 1877
Academic year:

2024
Views:

296

Pages:

17
Author:

segolhandworked

The Expansion of American Industry Chapter 13 A Technological Revolution Chapter 13 Section 1 • Life was “primitive” immediately following the Civil War • From 1860-1890, however more inventions to make life better and greater industrial productivity • People also looking for new forms of energy • In 1859, oil is “discovered” • Thomas Edison, tinkers with electricity, and makes it more affordable and available. • Others such as Lewis Latimer and George Westinghouse improved on Edison’s work • Electricity also had a great impact on businesses and daily life • Advances in communication were also made with the invention of the Telegraph and the Telephone • Samuel Morse not the inventor of the telegraph, but he perfected it • Alexander Graham Bell, a Scottish immigrant, “invented” the telephone. • Developments in Railroads created a National Network • The Transcontinental Railroad • Not only were railroads created, they were improved • Led to the development of “time zones” • Also helped industries • Steel also made more available because of the Bessemer Process The Growth of Big Business Chapter 13 Section 2 • Were the leaders of big business “robber barons” or captains of industry • John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie are prime example of how both can be possible • Social Darwinism • Because of this business become BIG • Businesses began to fight for a competitive edge • Oligopolies, Monopolies, and Cartels were created to control specific industries • Carnegie Steel bought up all industries dealing with steel production – vertical consolidation • Standard Oil on the other hand bought other oil refineries – horizontal consolidation • Government get concerned that only a few companies would control every industry in the country • Sherman Antitrust Act • However it proved ineffective and corporations actually grew stronger Industrialization and Workers Chapter 13 Section 3 • Work force is growing in the US between 1860 and 1900 due to a boom in immigration • Employers were given incentives for hiring foreigners • Growth of factories started in the 1860s – sweatshops • Scientific Management • Workers also divided duties of the labor • The work environment was very poor The Great Strikes Chapter 13 Section 4 • Uneven distribution of wealth – Socialist movement in America • Workers unions first come on the scene during the Civil War – unsuccessful • Knights of Labor – the strike as a tool – strikes got violent • AFL – collective bargaining and closed shops • Employers do not accept the unions • Strikes turn violent with the Haymarket Massacre • Employers used force to put down strikes as in the Homestead Strike of 1892 • Government usually helped employers as in the Pullman Strike