Answer to a Addition Problem

NUMBERS & OPERATIONS Sum—answer to an addition problem Difference—answer to a subtraction problem Product—answer to a multiplication problem Quotient—answer to a division problem Integer—any positive or negative whole number or zero Prime Number—a number with the only factors being 1 and the number itself o Ex: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, etc. (The only numbers that “fit perfectly into” 17 are 1 and 17 itself) Composite Number—a number that has more than 2 factors o Ex: 6, 9, 10, 24, etc. (The numbers that “fit perfectly into” 24 are 1 & 24, 2 & 12, 3 & 8, 4 & 6) Rational Number—any number that can written as a ratio (a fraction) o Ex: ¾, .6 ( same as 6/10), 4.25 (same as 4 ¼ which equals 17/4) Improper Fraction—a fraction where the numerator (top value) is equal to a greater than the denominator o Ex: 17/4, 5/5, 21/3 Mixed Number—a “mixture” of a whole number with a fraction o Ex: 4 ¼, 3 ½ Numerator—the top number in a fraction Denominator—the bottom number in a fraction Multiple—a value within a number’s multiplication facts. Multiples are limitless and can go on forever. o Ex: The multiples of 7 are: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84… Factor—a value that fits perfectly into a given number. Factors are NOT limitless—there are only so many o Ex: The factors of 36 are: 1 & 36, 2 & 18, 3 & 12, 4 & 9, 6 & 6 Exponent—how many times to multiply a base number together o Ex: 34 4 is the exponent and tells you to multiply the 3 together 4 times: 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 81 Base—the number that gets multiplied by itself the amount of times the exponent suggests o Ex: 34 3 is the base number and gets multiplied by itself 4 times: 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 81 Square number—a number multiplied by itself (exponent of 2) o Ex: 62 can be read as “6 to the second power” or “6 squared” Cubic number—a number multiplied by itself, multiplied by itself again (exponent of 3) o Ex: 63 can be read as “6 to the third power” or “6 cubed” Square root—the value that was squared (multiplied by itself) to get the quantity under the square root sign o Ex: √49 means what number times itself equals 49 (7 x 7 = 49) so…√49 = 7 Ratio—a reduced comparison of 2 values (typically written as a fraction) o Ex: In a group of 12 boys and 9 girls, the ratio of boys to girls is 12boys/9girls, which reduces to 4/3 or 4:3, or 4 to 3 (all read as “4 to 3) Unit Rate—a ratio where the second value is 1, such as a unit price. This finds the value of ONE item. o Ex: If a dozen donuts costs $6.60 (a ratio of $6.60/12), the unit price—price of just ONE donut—is $0.55 (a ratio of $0.55/1) Proportion—a comparison of 2 ratios (equivalent fractions) o Ex: If the ratio of boys to girls is 4:3, how many girls would there be if the number of boys increased to 16? get 12. = To change 4 into 16, multiply by 4. Therefore, multiply the denominator by 4 also to = Percent—a value out of 100; therefore, a ratio where the second value is 100. o Ex: 87% means “87 out of 100” or 87/100 or 0.87 o Percent “of” means multiply (35% of $75 means .35 x $75) o Value “out of” a total means fraction and divide (7 out of 8 students means 7/8) Scientific Notation—a number written in the form of a x 10n, where “a” is between 1 and 10 multiplied by some exponential value of 10. Used to write very large or very small values o Ex: 3.4 x 105 9.76 x 10-7 Distance to the sun is 9.3 x 107 miles…or 93,000,000 miles Exponential Notation—a number written in the form of a base value to an exponential value o Ex: 63 75 22 80 (NOTE: Any number to the 0 power EQUALS 1) Standard Notation—the typical written form of a number o Ex: 487, 9,402,659 Expanded Notation—a number written as the individual values within the place value system o Ex; 487 = 400 + 80 + 7 (4 hundreds + 8 tens + 7 ones)