Civics Exam Review Sheet

Civics 4th quarter Exam Review Sheet Identify or define the following terms. Commander in Chief-role in which the president is in charge of the army, navy, air force, marines, and coast guard Ambassador-an official representative of a country’s government Foreign policy- nations overall plan for dealing with other nations Foreign aid- money, food, military assistance, or other supplies given to help other countries Treaty-formal agreement between a the governments of two or more countries Executive order- rule or command that has the force of law, issued by the president Economic leader- when the president deals with problems such as unemployment, rising prices, or high taxes National Security Council-advises president on national security and foreign policy War Powers Act- president must notify congress immediately when troops are sent into battle Embargo- agreement between groups of nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nation Chief executive-most important role of the president Trade sanction- punish another nation by imposing trade barriers Electoral College- group of people chosen to select the president and vice president, indirect method we use to elect the president Executive agreement-an agreement between the president and a leader of another country Civil service system-the practice of hiring government workers based on merit Spoils system-when government jobs go to the people as a reward for their political support Bureaucrats-civil servants Political appointees-people in top leadership jobs whom the president has chosen Cabinet-group of advisers to the president Pardon-declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment Legislative program-new laws the president wants congress to pass Head of State-role in which the president greets visiting kings and queens, prime ministers, and other foreign leaders Amnesty- a pardon toward a group of people Reprieve- an order to delay a person’s punishment until a higher court can hear the case State of the Union Address-most important speech given by the president Government Corporation- business owned and operated by the government ex. US Postal Service 25th Amendment- presidential succession White House-where the president lives and works National security-main goal of foreign policy United States Postal Service-example of a government co Exclusive jurisdiction- areas in which only federal courts may hear and decide cases Appeals court-middle level of federal court system, panel of judges, do not decide guilt or innocence Concurrent jurisdiction- areas in which both state and federal courts may decide cases Supreme Court- top level of federal court system, established by Article III, 8 associate justices and 1 chief justice Majority opinion-states the facts of a case, announces the ruling, and explains the courts reasoning in reaching the decision Dissenting opinion-a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion writes this Jurisdiction- courts authority to hear and decide cases Precedent- a previous case that gives guidance to other judges hearing similar cases Magistrate- court official that takes care of much of a judge’s routine work, such as issuing court orders and hearing preliminary evidence in a case Opinion- offers a detailed explanation of the legal thinking behind a courts decision Brief- written document that explains one side’s position on a case Docket- court calendar Circuit-geographical area covered by an appeals court Subpoena-court order requiring a person to appear in court Judicial Review-established by Marbury v Madison ,3 rulings: Constitution is the Supreme Law of the land, if a law conflicts with the Constitution the Constitution wins, the Judicial Branch has the duty to uphold the Constitution and makes it equal to all branches Marshal-make arrests, collect fines, and protect jurors District court- bottom level of federal court system, where trials are held and lawsuits are begun, decide guilt or innocence, judge and jury Thurgood Marshall- 1st African American Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor-1st female Supreme Court Justice Marbury v. Madison- established the Constitution as the supreme law of the land John Marshall- chief justice, whose court ruling a president refused to obey, set forth the 3 principles of judicial review William Marbury-man appointed justice of the peace by President John Adams Ballot – the list of candidates you use to cast your votes Straight ticket-voting for all the candidates from the same political party Precinct-voting district Returns-voting results Butterfly ballot-paper ballot in which opposing candidates are listed across from one another Remand-send a case back to the lower court to be retried Original jurisdiction-the authority to hear federal cases first Answer the following questions in a complete sentence. What is the maximum number of years a president can serve? 10 years Who becomes president if both the president and vice president die? Speaker of the House Who passes laws the president or Congress? Congress How do we know how many electoral votes each state has? Equal to the # of senators and representatives Who is the living symbol of our nation? The President Who approves presidential appointments? Senate What types of court cases does the Supreme Court usually accept? Cases involving constitutional issues and those that affect the entire country How many Supreme Court justices are needed to accept a case? 6 How can the president help his political party? By raising money for candidates and giving speeches for party members who are running for office Can the president order troops into battle? Yes What is the only duty, as stated in article 1 in the Constitution, the vice president has? Preside over the Senate What is the State of the Union Address? Most important speech the president makes How do people vote if they can’t make it to the polling place? Absentee ballot What is the National Voters Registration Act? Allows people to register to vote when they renew their driver’s license Which federal court decides the guilt or innocence of a person? District court Which federal court allows witnesses to testify and juries to decide a case? District court What is the best way to prepare to vote? Be informed What are the requirements to become president? 35 years old, native born citizen, live in country for 14 years Which article of the Constitution created the federal court system? Article III Which role is the president in charge of the army, navy, air force, marines, and coast guard? Commander in chief What do you have to do in order to vote in the primary elections in Pennsylvania? Register as a republican or democrat What qualifications do people need in order to vote? 18 years old, registered to vote, live in the state for a period of time In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was a violation of amendment ____? 14 During oral arguments how many minutes are given to each side to present their case? 30minutes