Melioidosis Transmission and Risk Factors

University:
Brigham Young University
Course:
MMBIO 221 | General Microbiology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

272

Pages:

1
Author:

gewoekerdodx

BAP Ashdown medium: Nonfermentative wrinkled colony, earthy order Supplemmented with colistin, deep pink colonies Ar risk: military, travelers, tourists, construction workers ADH + Glanders, bioterrorism, febrile respiratory illness of equids Melioidosis (pulmonary disease), Pneumonia, septicemia Coccobacillus Transmission: direct contact or aerosols B. pseudomallei - Do not ferment glucose - Often found in water sources, soil, hospital equipment - Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas. - MacConkey Agar: Clear colonies - Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Test: K/K result B. mallei Nonmotile Habitat: water, iv solutions, respiratory equipment, disinfectants GNB non-fermenters B. cepacia TSI: strong yellow pigment Motile Endocarditis, UTI's, dermatitis, wounds infections, CF patients BAP Burkholderia Oxidase + MAC Acute otitis, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, found in mixed cultures Alcaligenes faecalis Asaccharolytic BAP Thin, spreading, irregular edge, characteristic fruity odor (green apples) greenish discoloration Catalase + Lysine decarboxylase + Specialized media B. cepacia selective agar (polymyxin B, sucrose, lactose, vancomycin, gentamicin) P. cepacia (PC) agar, (crystal violet, polymyxin B, tiarcillin) Reduced nitrite, not nitrate OFPBL agar (Polymyxin B, bacitracin, lactose) bluish/greenish pigmentation saccharolytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Found in hospital environment Strong antimicrobial resistance Beta-lactams Leading cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infections, cystric fibrosis patients BAP MAC ?scaling? that is referred to as alligator skin appearance, metallic sheen Grapelike odor, metallic blue-green Blue color from pyocyanin Oxidase - Yellow pigmentation Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Habitat: water systems and wet surfaces in hospitals - Pathogenic for premature infants - Associated with neonatal meningitis - Epidemics may occur in nurseries. - Nosocomial outbreaks traced to breast pumps - Mortality rate as high as 55% - May cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients BAP MAC Most are yellow pigmented Do not grow on MacConkey agar Lysine decarboxylase + Lysine decarboxylase - Acinetobacter Habitat: Sometimes a normal flora and hospital environmen Diseases: UTIs, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, wounds, burns, eye infections "Flavobacterium" Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Glucose-oxidizing? Yes Habitat: Environment or respiratory tract of long term care patients No A. calcoaceticusbaumannii complex A. lwoffii Resistance to penicillin (differentiates from Neisseria) Diseases: Pneumonia, endocarditis (surgery and intravenous [IV]-drug users), bacteremia, and rarely meningitis and UTIs Inherently resistant to most antibiotics BAP MAC Blood agar opaque, gray lactose non fermenter (but my appear purple) Nonmotile Indole positive Catalase positive Oxidizes carbohydrates BAP MAC may be lavender/slight yellow/gray, may also have ammonia odor Lactose nonfermenter Nonmotile Lysine Decarboxylase Negative Diplococci Catalase positive Strong Maltose utilization DNase positive

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