University:
California State University, Los Angeles
Course:
BUS 5026 | Global Business Environment
Academic year:

2024
Views:

491

Pages:

3
Author:

Mina M.

Schmöll's Tourism Consumer Choice Model • Mayo and Jarvis (1981) – in the decision process to travel, consider social and psychological factors, the role of family, group of friends and travelers. • Mathieson and Wall (1982) - strengthening the role of psychological factors plus economic and sociological factors, the characteristics of tourist destinations are also very important for the subsequent decision making process as well as forming the image of the tourism destination. • McIntosh et al (1995) proposed four motivational factors: interpersonal factors (contribute to understanding tourism consumers and their motivations). • Mazursky (1989) the importance of tourists' past experiences. • Sirakaya and Woodside (2005), a more detailed analysis of the main consumer choice models in tourism. • Schmöll (1977), the first to consider this topic, he proposed 4 aspects that explain the motivations, desires, needs and expectations of the social and personal determinants of travel choice behavior, including the destination visited and the type of accommodation chosen. These aspects include: 1) Stimulation to travel (promotional communications and personal and trade recommendations), 2) Personal and social determinants (consumers' reasons for traveling, including their desires, needs and expectations), 3) External variables (trust in the services provided, customer image) 4) Objectives, learning experience, constraints (time and money) and characteristics of the destination country. Application of the Schmöll Model Hudson (1999) criticized the difficulty of operationalizing Schmöll's model because it is only descriptive; emphasizes relevant variables in tourism consumer choices but does not provide a way to measure them, does not offer a way to predict tourism consumer behavior for specific destinations or specific types of tourism services or products. The benefits of the model, as noted by Schmöll himself, include the following: 1) Makes it easier to plan research. 2) More specifically, showing what factors influence travel decisions. 3) Can be used as an indicator of marketing activities to influence the tourism decision making process. 4) Can be used to determine criteria for attracting certain tourism segments. In addition, Schmöll's model is the only one that identifies the obstacles that must be overcome and their impact on the decision-making process. I. Travel stimuli/encouragement of travellers - Advertising and promotions - Reading about a journey - Advice from other travelers - Suggestions and recommendations from travel business actors/travel traders II. Personal and social determinants of travel behavior - Socioeconomic status - Personality features - Social influence and aspirations - Attitudes and values - Motivation - Wants/needs - Hope - Travel wishes - Information search - Assessment of travel alternatives - Decision III. External variables (things that can change and come from outside) - Trust in tourism business intermediaries/travel traders - Image of destination services - Previous travel experience - Objective/subjective risk assessment - Time constraints, costs, etc IV. Characteristics and Features of Service Distribution - Cost/value relationship - Attractions/facilities offered - Range of travel opportunities - Quality/quantity of travel information - Types of travel arrangements offered