Leadership And Organizational Culture

LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE A. Leadership In the context of the journey and management of an organization, its sustainability and development will be largely determined by two things, namely organizational leadership and organizational culture. Generally, when discussing organizational leadership, leading itself can be understood as an activity that influences someone, so that that person follows the directions given, to achieve organizational goals. One capital that a leader cannot lack is power, because leadership is one of the most determining factors in the success of an organization. Gary Yuki (1994: 2-3), Oteng Sutisna (1989: 300) (in Triatna, 2015, p. 166) describes leadership in general as a process of influencing or inducing other people towards achieving a common goal or goal. The definition described is covered in the following three elements: 1. Leadership is a relational concept which only exists in the process of relationships with other people (followers/members). Leadership is described by the extent to which the leader behaves and the effect of the leader's behavior on the productivity and job satisfaction of staff or subordinates (Razik & Swanson, 1995: 59) (in Triatna, 2015, p. 166). 2. Leadership is a process. In order to lead, a leader must do something as observed by John Gardner in 1986-1988 (in Razik & Swanson, 1995:48) (in Triatna, 2015, p. 166). Leadership is more than just occupying a position of authority, furthermore, from a cultural perspective, aspects of organizational culture are things that can be calculated for the achievement of goals which are translated as habits or values, artifacts and various organizational traditions that have been adopted. jointly by members of the organization. 3. Leadership must persuade others to take action. As explained above, leaders must be able to encourage their members through various means such as using legitimate authority, creating models (becoming role models), setting targets, providing rewards and laws, restructuring the organization and communicating the vision. Based on this explanation, it can be concluded that leadership always involves elements of leaders, followers, and the context or content of discussions in an organization. The absence of one of these three elements can eliminate the essence of the leader himself. Leadership is an effort to mobilize various resources through human resources to achieve goals, while changing times will always influence the targets that must be achieved by an organization. To mobilize these resources, a leader must have certain powers, traits and characteristics, a style that is adapted to the organizational situation and the character of employees in directing and encouraging this. Various experts define leadership differently. As stated by Leithwood (Bush & Golver, 2003:4) (in Triatna, 2015, p. 167) "there is no greed definition of the concept of leadership". What Gary Yuki (1989:2) also added (in Triatna, 2015, p. 167) "the definition of leadership is arbitrary and very subjective". Which means leadership means not having greed and being arbitrary towards the position and responsibilities that one has assumed and not having a subjective view in assessing a problem. Yuki (1994:2) (in Triatna, 2015, p. 167) puts forward several definitions of leadership which are considered quite representative for a quarter of a century as follows: 1. Leadership is the behavior of an individual who leads the activities of a group towards a goal that they want to achieve together 2. Leadership is interpersonal influence exercised in certain situations 3. Leadership is the initial formation and maintenance of a structure 4. Leadership is the gradual increase of influence above mechanical obedience 5. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of a group in an organization towards achieving goals Another view regarding leadership was put forward by Veithzal Rivai (2004:64) as follows: “Leadership refers to a process of moving a group of people towards a goal that has been set/agreed together by encouraging or motivating them. B. Organizational Culture Organizational culture consists of symbols, stories of heroism and resources that have special meaning for people in the company. Leaders play a huge role in creating organizational culture. In practice, leaders also act as guardians and spokespersons of company culture. The key elements of organizational culture itself are the values and symbols that exist in everyday life displayed by the people in the organization. Organizational culture consists of several dimensions, namely innovation, stability, respect for people, attention to detail, team-oriented and aggressive