University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
ACCT 220 | Introduction to Financial Accounting
Academic year:

2024
Views:

79

Pages:

21
Author:

bandnrd5248ni

Appendix 12A The Concept of Present Value 12-66 Learning Objective 5 Understand present value concepts and the use of present value tables. 12-67 The Mathematics of Interest A dollar received today is worth more than a dollar received a year from now because you can put it in the bank today and have more than a dollar a year from now. 12-68 The Mathematics of Interest Assume a bank pays 8% interest on a $100 deposit made today. How much will the $100 be worth in one year? Fn = P(1 + n r) 12-69 The Mathematics of Interest Assume a bank pays 8% interest on a $100 deposit made today. How much will the $100 be worth in one year? n r) Fn = P(1 + 1 F1 = $100(1 + .08) F1 = $108.00 12-70 Compound Interest What if the $108 was left in the bank for a second year? How much would the original $100 be worth at the end of the second year? Fn = P(1 + n r) 12-71 Compound Interest F2 = $100(1 + F2 = $116.64 2 .08) The interest that is paid in the second year on the interest earned in the first year is known as compound interest. 12-72 Computation of Present Value An investment can be viewed in two ways—its future value or its present value. Present Value Future Value Let’s look at a situation where the future value is known and the present value is the unknown. 12-73 Present Value If a bond will pay $100 in two years, what is the present value of the $100 if an investor can earn a return of 12% on investments? Fn P= (1 + r)n 12-74 Present Value $100 P= 2 (1 + .12) P = $79.72 This process is called discounting. We have discounted the $100 to its present value of $79.72. The interest rate used to find the present value is called the discount rate. 12-75 Present Value Let’s verify that if we put $79.72 in the bank today at 12% interest that it would grow to $100 at the end of two years. Year 1 Beginning balance $ 79.72 Interest @ 12% $ 9.57 Ending balance $ 89.29 Year 2 $ 89.29 $ 10.71 $ 100.00 If $79.72 is put in the bank today and earns 12%, it will be worth $100 in two years. 12-76 Present Value – An Example $100 × 0.797 = $79.70 present value Periods 1 2 3 4 5 10% 0.909 0.826 0.751 0.683 0.621 Rate 12% 0.893 0.797 0.712 0.636 0.567 14% 0.877 0.769 0.675 0.592 0.519 Present value factor of $1 for 2 periods at 12%. 12-77 Quick Check  How much would you have to put in the bank today to have $100 at the end of five years if the interest rate is 10%? a. $62.10 b. $56.70 c. $90.90 d. $51.90 12-78 Quick Check  How much would you have to put in the bank today to have $100 at the end of five years if the interest rate is 10%? a. $62.10 b. $56.70 $100 × 0.621 = $62.10 c. $90.90 d. $51.90 12-79 Present Value of a Series of Cash Flows An investment that involves a series of identical cash flows at the end of each year is called an annuity. $100 $100 1 $100 2 $100 3 $100 4 $100 5 6 12-80 Present Value of a Series of Cash Flows Lacey Inc. purchased a tract of land on which a $60,000 payment will be due each year for the next five years. What is the present value of this stream of cash payments when the discount rate is 12%? 12-81 Present Value of a Series of Cash Flows We could solve the problem like this . . . Present Periods 1 2 3 4 5 Value of an Annuity 10% 12% 0.909 0.893 1.736 1.690 2.487 2.402 3.170 3.037 3.791 3.605 of $1 14% 0.877 1.647 2.322 2.914 3.433 $60,000 × 3.605 = $216,300 12-82 Quick Check  If the interest rate is 14%, how much would you have to put in the bank today so as to be able to withdraw $100 at the end of each of the next five years? a. $ 34.33 b. $500.00 c. $343.30 d. $360.50 12-83 Quick Check  If the interest rate is 14%, how much would you have to put in the bank today so as to be able to withdraw $100 at the end of each of the next five years? a. $ 34.33 b. $500.00 $100 × 3.433 = $343.30 c. $343.30 d. $360.50 12-84 Quick Check  If the interest rate is 14%, what is the present value of $100 to be received at the end of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th years? a. $866.90 b. $178.60 c. $ 86.90 d. $300.00 12-85 Quick Check  If the interest rate is 14%, what is the present value of $100 to be received at the end of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th years? a. $866.90 b. $178.60 c. $ 86.90 d. $300.00 $100(3.433-1.647) = $100(1.786) = $178.60 or $100(0.675+0.592+0.519) = $100(1.786) = $178.60