Sophia IT Milestone 1 Correct Answers

16 questions were answered correctly. 1 question was answered incorrectly. Milestone Tips Remember that Milestones are open-book. Take the Practice Milestone before taking the Milestone. Take the Milestone at a time and in a place where you can be focused and undisturbed for the entire Milestone time limit. 1 UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 Select the image of the hard disk. 1 2 3 4 RATIONALE A hard disk is an internal component that contains 2.5-inch magnetic disk drives called platters. Hard disk platters are made of rigid metal or glass. CONCEPT 2 Select the file size that is the SMALLEST. 3 TB 90,000 KB 6,000 GB 2 MB RATIONALE If we consider the units only, the order (smallest to largest) is KB, MB, GB, and TB. However, we must also consider the number of units. We can rewrite each example in the same unit and order, as follows: 2 MB = 0.002 GB 90,000 KB = 0.09 GB 3 TB = 3,000 GB 6,000 GB = 6,000 GB The smallest file size is 2 MB. CONCEPT 3 Kate saves her work on a secondary storage device that is fairly new, and uses flash technology instead of disks. Kate is using a(n) __________ drive. CD/DVD-ROM optical disk SSD hard disk RATIONALE Kate is using a solid-state drive (SSD). An SSD is a storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently. CONCEPT 4 A collection of facts, such as street addresses or phone numbers, is known as which of the following? A component A system A process Data RATIONALE A collection of facts, such as street addresses or phone numbers, is known as data. Data are used to characterize an entity or component (e.g., a customer, a patient, a product, etc.). CONCEPT 5 Select the example of computer software. A hard drive An email application Read-only memory A graphics accelerator RATIONALE Electronic mail, or email, is software that is used to exchange digital messages between people using electronic devices (e.g., computers, mobile phones, etc.). CONCEPT 6 Amanda likes to play computer games online with many other people while she travels. Select the best computer for Amanda. A laptop computer with a fast processor and graphics accelerator A desktop computer with a large screen and large amounts of storage A laptop computer with a small screen and limited memory A desktop computer with a fast processor and graphics accelerator RATIONALE Because Amanda travels a lot, she needs a portable computer, such as laptop. Amanda's computer must have a fast processor and a graphics accelerator, since online games are often graphics-intensive and require high processor performance. CONCEPT 7 To improve the operating speed of his computer, Richard can use a disk defragmentation program, which is a form of __________. productivity software operating system software utility software integrated development environment software RATIONALE A defragmentation tool is a type of common utility software. Utility software enables you to repair, modify, and maintain your computer in some way, such as by improving processing speed. CONCEPT 8 Using his smartphone, Jeremy taps his finger to select a song to listen to on his headphones. This process describes the interaction between the __________ and __________. touchscreen, sound card touchscreen, visual card visual card, motherboard visual card, sound card RATIONALE This process describes the interaction between the touch screen and sound card. Touch screens can be used for both input and output. The sound card enables Jeremy's smartphone to play music through his headphones. CONCEPT 9 Which of the following statements about the relationship between hardware and software is FALSE? Computer hardware controls the computer's software by telling it what to do. Computer hardware can be physically touched, while computer software is intangible. Both hardware and software are needed for the computer to function effectively. Computer hardware cannot be used without an operating system. RATIONALE Computer hardware does not control the computer's software. The reverse is true: the software controls the hardware and tells it what to do. The other statements are all true. Hardware is tangible, and software is intangible. Hardware and software are co-dependent: both are needed for the computer to function, and one cannot operate without the other. CONCEPT 10 Select the statement that best describes the a mainframe computer. It enabled people to connect to a central server and share data with friends, business partners, and collaborators. It could run programs and store data on a single silicon chip, which increased computing speeds and efficiency. It enabled users to organize information through word processing and database programs from their desktop. It enabled corporations and universities to store enormous amounts of data, sometimes on devices which occupied an entire room. RATIONALE Mainframe computers enabled organizations to store large amounts of data, and their microprocessors enabled rapid computation speed. Personal computers (PCs), including the Apple II, were much smaller than mainframe computers. During the 1980s, a number of companies sold PCs that fit on a desk and enabled users to manage information themselves with a variety of programs. During the 1990s, personal computers in a workplace were connected to a central computer, known as a server. Together, these connected computers formed local area networks (LANs). CONCEPT 11 Bethany sends a text message to her boyfriend while listening to music. Which device is Bethany most likely using in this scenario? A desktop computer A laptop computer A tablet A smartphone RATIONALE Bethany is using a smartphone, which provides functions including text messaging, phone calls, and Internet browsing. CONCEPT 12 Which of the following components is used for data processing? Network interface card (NIC) Scanner USB flash drive Solid-state drive (SSD) RATIONALE A network interface card (NIC) is used for data processing because it enables computers to connect to a network. Flash drives and solid-state drives are used for data storage. A scanner is a peripheral input device. CONCEPT 13 Select the true statement about a mouse. It is an input device that enables users to enter text or number sequences into a computer. It is an input device that converts images or text into digital information. It is an input device that enables users to use a finger to move an on-screen pointer. It is an input device that enables users to point-and-click to make selections, and to start applications or open files. RATIONALE All of the answer choices describe peripheral input devices. A mouse is the most common pointing device. It is moved across a flat surface to position an on-screen pointer to make selections, and to open programs or files. CONCEPT 14 Select the true statement about the motherboard. It acts as a storage point for read-only memory (ROM). It acts as the working memory of the computer by transferring data from the hard disk for processing. It executes the commands sent to it by the application software. It provides much of the electrical connection between different computer parts. RATIONALE A motherboard is a printed circuit board that contains the principal components of a computer or other device. It includes connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted. A motherboard provides much of the bus of the computer, and is the main circuit board where the memory, storage, and CPU connect. CONCEPT 15 Approximately how much storage is needed to save a single digital picture in a 4-megapixel resolution? 1 gigabyte 1 byte 1 megabyte 1 kilobyte RATIONALE The amount of storage space needed to save a single digital picture in a 4-megapixel resolution is 1 megabyte. CONCEPT 16 Criselda is a computer operator. When she turns on her computer, it loads information from the hard disk into the computer's __________. RAM CPU SSD ROM RATIONALE When Criselda turns on her computer, it loads information from the hard disk into the computer's random access memory (RAM). RAM is a type of data storage that holds frequently-used program instructions (including operating systems) to increase the overall system speed. CONCEPT 17 Which external hardware component is circled in the given image? Eject button Port Monitor Vent RATIONALE The circle surrounds a vent on a laptop computer. Computers generate heat, and vents provide an external area for the heat to dissipate. CONCEPT